1. Chapter 6
Karl Marx

2. KARL MARX (1818–1883) Key Concepts Class Bourgeoisie Proletariat Forces and relations of production Capital Surplus value Alienation Labor theory of value Exploitation Class consciousness
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. (Marx and Engels 1848/1978:473)

3. Beginnings Born: Trier, Germany 1818 Died: March 17th, 1883
One of 9 children
Father: Lawyer from long line of rabbis

4. Videos about Marx
Marxism made simple
Do you know how to make a shirt?(guy on street)

5. Biographical Sketch: Karl Marx
University career ( ):
History, Philosophy, and Law
Young Hegelians
Academic ambitions ended
Berlin Ministry of Education blacklisted--due to radical views

6. Biographical Sketch: Karl Marx
Early 1840s:Began friendship and collaboration with Friedrich Engels
Marx and family died due to poverty and ill health (early 1880s)

7. Marx, his daughters, and Engels

8. Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Marx’s chief: Moral Financial
Intellectual
Emotional collaborator
Son of mill owner in Manchester
(Heart of industrial revolution)

9. Friedrich Engels Had 2 things Marx lacked: Money
Understanding of working class

10. Environment and Focus Reaction to dire economic and social conditions
Due to industrial revolution
Theory: Not only to interpret the world, but also to change it
Focus:
Economy
Classes
Forces of production

11. Materialism Materialism=Material world, perceptible to senses
Objective reality
Independent of mind or spirit
Ideas arise
As products of material conditions
“I labor (work), therefore I am.”

12. Materialism vs. Idealism
Materialism->Opposite of Idealism
Idealism: Subjective reality
Matter dependent on mind or spirit
Mind or Spirit
Exists independently of matter
“I think, therefore I am”

13. The Dialectic Process

14. Process of Dialectical Materialism
Each historical period’s mode of production--economy (thesis)
Challenged by a set of social forces (anti-thesis)
New mode of production (synthesis)

15. Dialectical Materialism

16. Economy Ways in which people satisfy their material needs
Food, clothing, shelter, etc.
Production: Transform raw materials into things people use
Products

17. TR 10/13 Means of production & Relations of production
The Means of Production:
Land
Natural resources
Technology
Factories

18. Relations of Production
Social and technical relationships
Among people as they
Use the means of production
Relations between individuals
Between or among groups of people or classes

19. Mode of production
Means of Production + Relations of Production= Mode of Production
Mode of production changes
Primitive Communism
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism
Cause of change:
Process of “dialectical materialism”

20. Economy: Basic Issues What goods & services to produce?
In what quantities?
How scarce resources are allocated?
How goods and services are distributed?
What price should be charged for goods & services?

21. MW 10/15 Capitalism
Natural resources and means of producing goods and services are privately owned
Ideal capitalism: 3 Features
1. Private ownership of property
2. Pursuit of personal profit
3. Competition & choice

22. TR 10/16 Socialism Essential Industries & Services are: Publicly owned
Democratically controlled
Equal opportunity for all
Equal benefit for all

23. Communism Means of production are owned by the people
Private property does not exist
Goods and services are shared equally

24. Species Being Essence of creative nature
Humans live off nature (as do other animals)
Express “species being” through free, conscious activity
Alienated labor makes work a means to existence

25. Alienation and Capitalism
Alienation:
Separation of people from aspects of their human nature

26. Alienation Worker Alienated from: Products of labor
Process of production
Co-workers
Species-potential (species being)
Self (self-estrangement)

27. Capitalism Benefits owners—profits and power
Harms workers—Negates “species being”
Prevented from realizing human capacity for creative labor
Inherently exploitative
Leads to monopoly

28. Social Class Class: Relationship to means of production
Class consciousness:
Recognize common relationship to means of production

29. Social Class False consciousness:
Unable to recognize oppression & exploitation
Incorrectly identify source of problems

30. Marx’s Model of Social Change
Generate class consciousness—Awareness by working class of common relationship to means of production

31. The Communist Manifesto
Manifesto is a “scientific prophecy” detailing the downfall of the capitalist class and the rise of the proletariat
**The Communist Manifesto Cartoon
Communist Smurfs