1. THE NEW REPUBLIC

2. INTRODUCTION QUESTION
Which of the following statements do you most agree with (Circle One)
Political parties are inevitable(unavoidable) in a republic.
Political parties are necessary to main a free and open democracy.
Political parties are divisive(troublesome) and destructive to national unity.

3. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
What is the difference between an administration & a Cabinet?
Administration – all members of the executive branch
Cabinet - refers to heads of major departments who advise the President

4. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
What precedent did George Washington set for future Presidents?
He formed a Cabinet of department heads to advise him.
Department of State, Treasury, War, and Attorney General.

5. PRESIDENTIAL CABINET Vice President of the United States
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Department of Defense
Department of Justice
Department of the Interior
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Labor
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Transportation
Department of Energy
Department of Education
Department of Veterans Affairs
Department of Homeland Security

6. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
If you were President, how would you pick your Cabinet?

7. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What is a purpose of a tariff?
Tariff = tax on imported goods
To raise revenue for the government & encourage U.S. businesses by making foreign goods more expensive

8. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
What were the two economic problems facing the country in 1789?
Debts & Instability

9. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What are political parties?
Organization of people that seeks to win elections & hold public office in order to shape government unity.

10. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
How did Hamilton’s views (Federalist) affect his role as a Secretary of Treasury?
He believed in a strong central government & pushed for greater federal influence over the economy.

11. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER HAMILTON’S PLAN FOR RESTRUCTING THE DEBT ACTION
RESULT
LASTING LEGACY
Pay foreign debt & interest in full
Restore national credit
Established U.S. as trustworthy
Federal government assumes state debts
Bring stability to country; stimulate economy
Unified country
Impose excise taxes & tariffs
Pay debts & increase manufacturing
Established precedent of nation its debts
Create national bank & national currency
Help government regulate economy & commerce; generate income through loans
Created model on which today’s Federal Reserve System is based

12. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
Why do you think Antifederalist might be against a National Bank?
It would give federal government control over the state banks.

13. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER Why did Hamilton want to add to the national debt?
He wanted to stabilize the economy first, which required increasing the debt to pay off earlier debt and give the nation financial credibility.
National Debt:

14. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
Which side did Congress support – Jefferson’s or Hamilton’s?
Alexander Hamilton

15. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
Why did Washington support Hamilton’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Washington believed that the federal government needed to demonstrate that it would uphold the law.

16. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
How did the Whiskey Rebellion influence the creation of political parties?
Political groups called Democratic Societies had supported the rebellion. These clubs became the basis for the Democratic Republican Party.

17. QUESTIONS TO ANSWER What were the first American political parties?
Federalists & Democratic Republicans
Who were the leaders?
Federalists: John Adams & Alexander Hamilton
Democratic Republicans: Thomas Jefferson & James Madison

18. The New Republic (1789-1816) Two-Party System Emerges FEDERALISTS
Led by Alexander Hamilton/John Adams
Strong central government
Base economy on industry & trade
Pro-British
Loose construction of Constitution

19. The New Republic (1789-1816) Two-Party System Emerges
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS
Led by Thomas Jefferson/James Madison
States should have more power
Economy based on farming
Pro-French
Strict construction of Constitution

20. The New Republic ( )
How did the debate over the role of government lead to the formation of political parties?
Divided over issues of how much power federal government should have.
Federalists – strong central govt.
Democratic-Republicans – states should have the power

21. The New Republic (1789-1816) The Struggle Over Foreign Policy
NATIVE AMERICANS
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Federal troops defeated Native Americans
Treaty of Greenville – gave Ohio to U.S. government & opened Northwest Territory to settlement

22. The New Republic (1789-1816) The Struggle Over Foreign Policy BRITISH
British provided arms to Native Americans; opposed U.S. expansion
Britain & France at war in 1793
U.S. too weak & dependent on Britain for trade; REMAINED NEUTRAL

23. The New Republic (1789-1816) The Struggle Over Foreign Policy FRENCH
U.S. too weak; REMAINED NEUTRAL
Democratic Republicans favored French Revolution
Federalists did NOT support French Revolution

24. The New Republic ( )
Who was Little Turtle? Native American military leaders. Won battles against U.S. forces in the 1790s

25. The New Republic (1789-1816 Why was Battle of Fallen Timbers
significant?
Opened
Northwest Territory
to U.S. settlement

26. The New Republic ( )
How did the British encourage conflict in the Northwest Territory?
Provided arms &
ammunitions to
Native American
groups

27. The New Republic ( )
Why did the British want to limit U.S. settlement in the area?
British hoped
to regain control
of the land

28. The New Republic (1789-1816) What was the French Revolution?
Republican uprising
Against the French
Monarchy; began in
1789

29. The New Republic (1789-1816) Federalists:
Opposed; revolution out to destroy religion & social order
Afraid Democratic Republicans could do the same

30. The New Republic (1789-1816) DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS
Supported but not violence

31. The New Republic (1789-1816) On what did the two parties agree?
Stay neutral in war between Britain & France

32. The New Republic ( )
How did the views on the French Revolution reflect the philosophies of the parties?
Federalists:
Strong central government
Revolutionaries had no respect for order
Stability

33. The New Republic ( )
How did the views on the French Revolution reflect the philosophies of the parties?
Democratic Republicans:
Weak central government
Protect human rights
Distrust of strong government