1. Lesson 8.1 constitution Suffrage Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Articles of Confederation Where ideas for American government came from Land Ordinance of 1785 republic

2. constitution Set of basic laws and principles of a society A written plan of government 8.1

3. suffrage Voting rights 8.1

4. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 A document that divided the land given up by Virginia Created a system for bringing new states into the Union. To apply for statehood, there must be at least 60,000 people living there. 8.1

5. Articles of Confederation The government immediately after the American Revolution Very weak central government with very limited powers - most of the powers went to the states 8.1

6. Where ideas for American government came from Magna Carta English Bill of Rights Parliament House of Burgesses Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Mayflower Compact Declaration of Independence New England town meetings Great Awakening John Locke and Enlightenment (not 2 separate answers) 8.1

7. Land Ordinance of 1785 A system for surveying and dividing the public territory. Split the land into townships. 8.1

8. republic A type of government where the head of state (person in charge) is elected and the people hold the power 8.1

9. Lesson 8.2 Creditors Debtors inflation Shays’s Rebellion Interstate commerce Weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation

10. creditors People who lend money 8.2

11. debtors People who owe money 8.2

12. inflation Increased prices for goods and services combined with reduced value of money 8.2

13. Shays’s Rebellion Farmers who could not pay their taxes and were losing their property or being forced to go to prison participated in a revolt to close down the courthouses. This is an example of how angry people were with the government under the Articles of Confederation 8.2

14. Interstate commerce Trade between 2 or more states 8.2

15. Weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation Weaknesses Could not force states to provide soldiers for an army Could not enforce treaties with foreign countries Could not regulate interstate commerce Could not levy (charge) taxes Lack of respect from other countries Problems with other countries –Spain closed the Mississippi River –Britain charged high tariffs (taxes) –Britain closed its ports to US ships Shay’s Rebellion 8.2

16. Lesson 8.3 Constitutional Convention New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan Three-fifths Compromise Checks and Balances James Madison Thomas Jefferson George Washington

17. Constitutional Convention Convention in which delegates discussed revising the Articles of Confederation 8.3

18. New Jersey Plan A plan that based representation in Congress on equality Favored the small states 8.3

19. Virginia Plan A plan that based representation in Congress on population Favored the large states 8.3

20. Three-Fifths Compromise Resolved disputes over representation in the southern slave states Said that 5 slaves = 3 people when determining representation. 8.3

21. Checks and Balances Ensures that no one branch will overpower another 8.3

22. James Madison Took very good notes at the Constitutional Convention One of the authors of the Federalist Papers A Federalist 8.3

23. Thomas Jefferson Was not able to attend the Constitutional Convention – he was an ambassador at the time Antifederalist – supported the Bill of Rights 8.3

24. George Washington Representative from Virginia Elected to be president of the Constitutional Convention Federalist 8.3

25. Lesson 8.4 Amendment Federalists Antifederalists Federalism Ratification Federalist papers

26. amendments Official changes, corrections, or additions 8.4

27. Federalists People who supported the Constitution Believed that the Constitution provided a good balance of state and national powers Names of Federalists Paul Revere James Madison George Washington Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton John Jay 8.4

28. Antifederalists People who opposed the Constitution Wanted to add a Bill of Rights - OR - Thought it gave too much power to the central government Names of Antifederalists Richard Henry Lee Mercy Otis Warren Sam Adams Patrick Henry George Mason Thomas Jefferson 8.4

29. Federalism Sharing of power between a central government and the states that make up a country 8.4

30. ratification To approve 9 of the 13 states needed to ratify the Constitution before it went into effect. 8.4

31. Federalist Papers A series of widely read essays In support of the Constitution Explained that the central government would not overpower the states Explained that no one single group (branch of government) would have too much power Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay 8.4