1. BELLWORK 1. How did the National Assembly limit the power of the Catholic Church? 2. What did the Constitution of 1791 rule? 3. What type of government did French moderates & radicals want? 4. How did war with Austria in 1792 affect views of the French monarchy? 5. What happened to the monarchs when they tried to flee Paris? 6. What were the “September Massacres?” How did this mark a shift in government? 7. THINKER: Prior to 1792, the National Assembly still supported a monarchy, but after 1792, the National Assembly decided a monarchy, although limited, is corrupt and ineffective. What caused this change in opinion?

2. Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen What was this important document? What was this important document? What influenced this important document? What influenced this important document? To learn more about it, you will now read/analyze key articles in the document. To learn more about it, you will now read/analyze key articles in the document. Only read the number you are assigned! Then you will meet with the rest of your group and teach them about your articles. Only read the number you are assigned! Then you will meet with the rest of your group and teach them about your articles.

3. Groups PINK PINK BLUE BLUE GREEN GREEN ORANGE ORANGE BROWN BROWN FUSCHIA FUSCHIA

4. Review What was The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen? What basic rights did it guarantee French citizens? What was The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen? What basic rights did it guarantee French citizens? The National Assembly promised to write a new constitution for France that promoted equality of all citizens. The National Assembly promised to write a new constitution for France that promoted equality of all citizens. 1. Article I 2. Article III 3. Article VII 4. Article IX 5. Article XI 6. Article XIII

5. 7. List three ways the National Assembly voted to limit the power of the Catholic church? 8. What did the new Constitution of 1791 rule? 9. Even though a new constitution was written for France, some citizens were still unhappy. Why? 10. What type of government did French moderates and radicals each want? 11. Why did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette flee Paris? Where were they going? Why? 12. What happened once the monarchs reached Varennes? 13. Why did France declare war on Austria (again!) in 1792? Who sided with Austria? 14. How did the war with Austria effect French citizens’ views of the government? 15. What were the “September Massacres?” What were these radicals fighting for?

6. BELLWORK 1. After analyzing the Declaration of Rights, which two articles do you think brought the biggest changes to France? Why? Explain! 2. Even though a new constitution was written for France, citizens were still unhappy………..why? 3. Why did both Louis XVI and the National Assembly adopt the guillotine as the official execution method of France? 4. At this point in the French Revolution, who is in power? What do they want? How was this different than previous goals? 5. Why would a leader choose to rule harshly through fear, censorship and mass executions? 6. THINKER: List three similarities between the US Constitution, the English Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of Rights.

7. The French Republic Republic: a form of government in which the country is considered a “public matter” Comes from the Latin term: “res publica” Positions are directly/indirectly elected rather than inherited In modern times, a simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is NOT a monarch

8. What is the difference? REPUBLIC REPUBLIC Representative form of government that is ruled according to a charter/constitution Representative form of government that is ruled according to a charter/constitution Limits power of leader, while protecting individual rights Limits power of leader, while protecting individual rights DEMOCRACY Government that is ruled by the will of the majority In a true democracy, the majority rules in all circumstances

9. The French Republic In September 1792, Prussia and Austria invaded France. In September 1792, Prussia and Austria invaded France. “All are burning with a desire to fight! We need boldness….and France will be saved!” (Revolutionary, Georges- Jacques Danton) “All are burning with a desire to fight! We need boldness….and France will be saved!” (Revolutionary, Georges- Jacques Danton) In response to Danton’s words, thousands of volunteers came forward to defend the revolution. In response to Danton’s words, thousands of volunteers came forward to defend the revolution. French army won! This victory boosted the spirits of revolutionaries. French army won! This victory boosted the spirits of revolutionaries. French forces had stopped the powerful armies of Europe’s monarchs and saved the revolution. French forces had stopped the powerful armies of Europe’s monarchs and saved the revolution. “Our soldiers were badly clothed, they had no straw to sleep on, no blankets, they sometimes went two days without bread. I never once saw them complain … The tiredness and hardship they have suffered have been rewarded” French Commander Charles-Francois Dumouriez, 1792

10. The French Republic After their victory, the National Convention (meeting of National Assembly) met in Paris to create a new government After their victory, the National Convention (meeting of National Assembly) met in Paris to create a new government Ordered the end of the monarchy, and made France a republic! Ordered the end of the monarchy, and made France a republic! Meeting from 1792-1795 and passed many democratic reforms, mainly, all men could vote! Meeting from 1792-1795 and passed many democratic reforms, mainly, all men could vote!

11. The French Republic Before it could enter a new republican era, the Convention had a problem to deal with……… Louis XVI Before it could enter a new republican era, the Convention had a problem to deal with……… Louis XVI In November 1792, a large iron box holding Louis’s secret correspondence with foreign monarchs was found in the royal palace. In November 1792, a large iron box holding Louis’s secret correspondence with foreign monarchs was found in the royal palace. Although the letters provided little evidence against Louis, the radicals successfully used them to discredit the monarchs. Although the letters provided little evidence against Louis, the radicals successfully used them to discredit the monarchs. In December 1792, Louis was tried before the National Convention and convicted of having “conspired against the liberty of the nation” In December 1792, Louis was tried before the National Convention and convicted of having “conspired against the liberty of the nation”

12. The Death of a King In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed by the guillotine. In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed by the guillotine. “I forgive my enemies; I trust that my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear that she may suffer the anger of the Lord” Louis XVI as he faced execution

15. The Reign of Terror In the days that followed, enthusiasm and pride swept through France! In the days that followed, enthusiasm and pride swept through France! Soon, even wealthy Parisians addressed each other as “citizen” rather than “mister” or “madame” Soon, even wealthy Parisians addressed each other as “citizen” rather than “mister” or “madame” While the nation celebrated the republic, debate over the revolution’s future erupted in the Convention. While the nation celebrated the republic, debate over the revolution’s future erupted in the Convention. Here, a group of extreme radicals, the Jacobins, came into power. Here, a group of extreme radicals, the Jacobins, came into power. Important radical leaders, like Maximilien Robespierre fought to make the revolution more radical, and more open to extreme & violent change. Important radical leaders, like Maximilien Robespierre fought to make the revolution more radical, and more open to extreme & violent change. They instituted the “Reign of Terror,” (September 1793 – July 1794) in which more than 12,000 people were put to death. They instituted the “Reign of Terror,” (September 1793 – July 1794) in which more than 12,000 people were put to death. Most were killed because they were suspected of helping France’s enemies during the Revolution. (80% were commoners) Most were killed because they were suspected of helping France’s enemies during the Revolution. (80% were commoners)

16. The Reign of Terror

17. Robespierre "Terror is nothing else than justice; prompt, severe, inflexible justice. The government in a revolution is the dictatorship of liberty against tyranny.” Maximilien Robespierre, 1794

18. Jacobins celebrating the death of wealthy aristocrats (left), and when the guillotine wasn’t quick enough, they executed people through mass shootings (below)

19. A depiction of Robespierre guillotining the executioner after having guillotined everyone else in France

20. The Reign of Terror To learn more about this period in French history, we will read a handout, and you will take notes on the following points: To learn more about this period in French history, we will read a handout, and you will take notes on the following points: Rule of the Jacobins Rule of the Jacobins Why/How people were killed Why/How people were killed Revolutionary Tribunal Revolutionary Tribunal French citizens’ reactions/responses French citizens’ reactions/responses Maximilien de Robespierre Maximilien de Robespierre

21. CLOSURE Time for a TIMELINE!!! Time for a TIMELINE!!! Let’s review over everything we’ve learned about the French Revolution so far…. Let’s review over everything we’ve learned about the French Revolution so far….