1. Chapter 4: Review

2. Civil Liberties The Bill of Rights protects Americans civil liberties Freedom to think and act without government interference

3. Petition How we express ideas to the government If you have an idea or complaint you can write a letter to your Representative

4. Fourth Amendment Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures No soldier, government agent, or police officer can search your home without cause.

5. Double Jeopardy Person found not guilty cannot be retried for the same crime

6. Sixth Amendment Gives right to hire attorneys Gives additional due process rights to people accused of crimes Speedy, public trial

7. Bail A sum of money used as a security deposit Allows one to remain free until trial

8. Segregation Social separation of the races African-Americans had to sit in back of buses, sit in different sections of restaurants

9. Discrimination Unfair treatment based on prejudice "Jim Crow" laws required African- American and whites to be separated in most public places

10. Dr. Martin King, Jr. Main leader of the Civil Rights Movement Non-violence resistance Believed in peaceful protests

11. Affirmative Action Encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities In fields that were previously closed to them Try to make up for past discrimination

12. Chapter 5 Review

13. Voting How Americans give consent to the government By electing political leaders and voting for or against proposed measures

14. Vandalism Failure to respect the rights and property of others More than disrespect, this act is a CRIME!

15. Active Participants Taking an active role in the community Communities and governments need people to be involved in order to work

16. Equality Equal treatment under the law There are no degrees of American citizenship; meaning that everyone is treated equally

17. Chapter 6: Review

18. Senators Elected by the citizens in their states

19. Speaker of the House The leader of the House of Representatives Most powerful member of the House

20. President pro tempore Acts as chairperson of Senate Not as powerful as the Speaker of the House

21. Chapter 8: Review

22. Ninth Circuit Judicial circuit that includes the west coast The United States is divided into 12 judicial circuits

23. Jurisdiction Court's authority to hear and decide cases The Supreme Court has jurisdiction in cases involving the Constitution Violations of federal laws Controversies between states And others

24. Appeals Reviews decisions made in lower courts People who lose a case can appeal to a higher court

25. Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court claimed the power of judicial review Helped make the judicial branch equal to the executive and legislative branches

26. Judicial Review Supreme Court decides if a law is constitutional or not Established by Marbury v. Madison

27. Chapter 12:Review

28. Federal System (Federalism) Central and state governments share power The United States is a federal system. Alabamians are governed by the U.S. Constitution and the Alabama State Constitution

29. Grants-in-aid Helps states pay for programs States must contribute some of their own money, and follow the rules set by Congress in order to receive these grants

30. Chapter 13: Review

31. States Constitutions Usually sets out the powers and duties of local governments Regulates the way local governments state and local governments can raise and spend money

32. Parole Early release from prison

33. Secretary of State State cabinet members vary among the states Most Secretary of State manages elections and keeps state's records

34. Commute A governor can reduce a criminal's sentence by issuing a commute

35. Home Rule Allows cities to write their own charters and manage their own affairs

36. County Largest territorial and political subdivision of a state

37. Town Meetings Mostly used in the New England states Form of direct democracy

38. Chapter 27: Review

39. Human Rights Fundamental rights that belong to everyone Include freedom form illegal imprisonment and torture

40. Absolute Monarchs Hereditary rulers with unlimited authority Ruled as they wish

41. Totalitarian Government's control extends to almost all aspects of daily life Ban political opposition, regulate what farms and industries produce Suppress civil liberties

42. Republic Representative government in which no leaders inherit office Voters hold sovereign power Representative democracy, republic, and constitutional republic= United States

43. Constitutional Monarchy Power of the ruler is limited by a constitution and laws

44. Tradition and Customs Great Britain's Constitution is based on four elements 1.Magna Carta 2.Bill of Rights 3.Laws and court decisions 4.Traditions and customs- most influenced by the people

45. Parliamentary Great Britain's contribution to the world was the development of the parliamentary system Modeled by Britain, most democratic countries follow this system of government

46. Authoritarian Governments Opposite of Democratic governments Power is held by an individual or group not accountable to the people