1. The Big Bang Hubble's Law Galaxies
Outer Cosmos
The Big Bang
Hubble's Law
Galaxies

2. Big Bang Theory A Scientific Theory - with a capitol “T”
At one time, the entire universe was confined to a dense, Hot, Super massive ball of hydrogen.
Then a violent exposition triggered the rapid expansion of that Massive ball of Hydrogen

3. Universal Timeline 13.7 billion years ago (bya) The Big Bang
a violent explosion occurred spewing Hydrogen in all directions.
13.5 bya first Stars formed
Over time Stars form the elements on the Periodic Table
4.6 bya Solar System formed
Universe has enough elements to create the conditions for complex life in 2-3
billion years

4. Evidence Theory is designed to explain and connect observations
Hubble’s Law
Background Radation

5. Redshift & Blueshift
When a star’s spectrum is compressed from the Doppler Effect the spectrum will either shift to the red or blue end of the spectrum
Blueshift
Moving towards you
Redshift
Moving away from you
The amount of compression can also tell us speed

6. Hubble’s Law: Galaxies are in Red shift:
deep space objects are moving away from us, the degree of shift tells us speed
Galaxies are retreating from us at a speed that is proportional to their distance
AKA: the further away they are the faster they are moving
Indicates that the universe is expanding
Hubble’s Law:

7. Cosmic Background Radiation
Faint Radio Waves coming from every direction in space, though to be remnants of the Big Bang.

8. Galaxies Groups of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity
The universe contained hundreds of billions of galaxies
Each containing hundreds of billions of stars

9. Galaxy Classification
M87
NGC 1300
M81
NGC 4449
Spiral
Disk shaped with arms circling the center
Barred spiral
Disk shaped with a bar through the center and arms coming off the bar
Elliptical
Mass of stars ranging from circular to oval with no arms (oldest stars)
Irregular
No discernible shape (youngest stars)

10. The Milky Way Our Galaxy, a Barred Spiral 100,000 light-years wide
1, ,000 light-years thick