1. 1 Searching and Finding Information Sources Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood Department of Library & Information Science University of the Punjab

2. 2 Start searching

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4. 4 Finding information sources Formal ways University libraries Special libraries and government departments Inter-library loan Informal ways Authors Personal libraries of experts Your friends

5. 5 Bibliographic aids Library catalog Indexing journal Abstracting journal Bibliography Bibliographic database People Experts Librarians

6. 6 Library card catalog

7. 7 Library classification (DDC) 000Computer science, information & general works 100Philosophy & psychology 200Religion 300Social sciences 400Language 500Science 600Technology 700Arts & recreation 800Literature 900History & geography

8. 8 DDC – 300 – Social sciences 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology 310 Statistics 320 Political science 330 Economics 340 Law 350 Public administration & military science 360 Social problems & social services 370 Education 380 Commerce, communications & transportation 390 Customs, etiquette & folklore

9. 9 DDC – 330 – Economics 330 Economics 331 Labor economics 332 Financial economics 333 Economics of land & energy 334 Cooperatives 335 Socialism & related systems 336 Public finance 337 International economics 338 Production 339 Macroeconomics & related topics

10. 10 Online Searching Techniques Boolean Operators Phrase Searching Truncation / Wildcard Searching Proximity Searching Focusing / Limiting a Search

11. 11 Boolean Operators AND OR NOT Boolean operators allow you to join terms together, widen a search or exclude terms from your search results. This means you can be more precise in locating your information.

12. 12 Boolean Operators at Emerald

13. 13 Phrase Searching It narrows your search down by searching for an exact phrase or sentence. It is particularly useful when searching for a title or a quotation. Usually quotation marks are used to connect the words together. For example Towards a healthier Scotland

14. 14 Truncation / Wildcard These search techniques retrieve information on similar words by replacing part of the word with a symbol usually a * or ?. However, different databases use different symbols, so check what is used. In truncation the end of the word is replaced. For example physiother* will retrieve physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic, physiotherapist and so on. In wildcard searching, letters from inside the word are replaced. For example wom*n will retrieve the terms woman and women.

15. 15 Proximity Searching It looks for documents where two or more separately matching term occurrences are within a specified distance, where distance is the number of intermediate words or characters For example Term A NEAR Term B Term A ADJ Term B

16. 16 Focusing / Limiting a Search There are many ways to focus your search and all search tools offer different ways of doing this. Some of the ways of limiting your search are as follows: Date Language Place Publication type Age groups Type of material e.g. you could just need to find case studies

17. 17 General Search Engines Google Yahoo AltaVista FAST Search MSN Search Lycos Excite

18. 18 Google Simple Search

19. 19 Google Advanced Search

20. 20 Scholarly Search Engines Google Scholar Infomine Librarians Internet Index Intute Pinakes Business Research ISI Web of Science

21. 21 Librarians Internet Index

22. 22 Subject Directories Also called Information Gateways and Virtual Libraries Yahoo Directory Google Directory Librarians Internet Index About.com Infomine The WWW Virtual Library Specialized Subject Directories Abi Logic Solid Crawler Academic Info SOSIG - Social Science Information Gateway

23. 23 Google Directory

24. 24 Electronic Theses and Dissertations - ETDs Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Catalog of theses and doctoral dissertations contributed by some 176 universities and 27 institutions worldwide British Library EThOS 250,000+ theses of British universities Many are free Proquest Dissertations & Theses Database Worlds most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses with over 2.7 million titles

25. 25 Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations

26. 26 Online Databases Bibliographic databases ERIC, Agricola, Medline, EconLit, PsychINFO Numeric databases Stat-USA, UN Common Database Full text databases ScienceDirect, Emerald, JSTOR

27. 27 ERIC Database

28. 28 Science Direct Database

29. 29 Free e-books Gigapedia 300,000+ books, the largest e-book repository The Online Books Page 35,000+ books Project Gutenberg 30,000+ books Internet Public Library 20,000+ books

30. 30 HEC – Online Resources National Digital Library Over 30 databases with over 23,000 journals Accessible by 250 institutions in Pakistan 50,000 e-books Links to open access resources Pakistan Research Repository Full text of over 1800 Pakistani doctoral theses

31. 31 HEC – Digital Library

32. 32 Pakistan Research Repository

33. 33 Library web OPACs Libdex Worldwide index of library catalogs WorldCat 1.4 billion items from 10,000+ libraries worldwide Library of Congress The British Library National Library of Pakistan