1. Chapter 11: Political Developments in the Early Republic

2. The Federal Judiciary Act
1. Set up the federal court system 2. Appointed 5 justices and 1 chief justice to the US Supreme Court 3. John Jay was the 1st chief justice 4. John Jay was a lawyer and negotiated the Treaty of Paris

3. Washington’s Cabinet 1. Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
Handled relations between the US and other countries
2. Secretary of War: Henry Knox
Trusted general during the Revolutionary War
3. Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Raised money and handled government finances
4. Attorney General: Edmund Randolph
Chief legal advisor to the President

4. The Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers in western Pennsylvania didn’t like paying taxes
Turned grain into whiskey because it was cheaper to transport
Washington and 13,000 state militia went to PA to squash the rebellion
GW proved the Federal government would not put up with such rebellions

5. The French Revolution French people rebelled against their king.
Many Americans liked/supported this idea.
Jefferson and his followers began calling themselves the Democratic- Republicans or Republicans
Hamilton and his followers didn’t like the French rebellion and began calling themselves Federalists

6. Washington’s Farewell Address
Growing tension between Federalists and Democratic- Republicans caused GW to serve a 2nd term
Urged people to remember
why they fought for
independence
Warned people of the
danger of political parties
Worried about getting involved in foreign affairs

7. Economic Problems of the US
1. The government needed MONEY!
Taxes?
Tariffs?
How to get the money?
2. The government needed to pay back its debts
Owed money to France, Netherlands, Spain, and other individuals---52 million dollars
Individual states borrowed money million dollars
=77 million dollars in debt

8. In today’s value of a dollar, that would be equal to $1,038,942,591

9. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
1. Hamilton believed in a strong federal government that encouraged business and industry
2. Hamilton had little faith in ordinary citizens
3. Hamilton’s 3 Part Plan
A. Pay off the war debt
B. Raise government revenue
C. National bank

10. Hamilton’s 3 Part Plan 1. Pay off the war debt
Problem with the northern states that still owed money
Compromise reached: southern states agreed to help pay the northern states’ debt if the US capital was placed in the South.
2. Raise government revenue (money)
Tariff- tax on foreign goods which encouraged Americans to buy US made goods
3. National Bank
Safe place to keep money
Could issue paper money
Could make loans to the government and the people

11. Views of the Constitution Loose vs. Strict Construction
Loose Construction
Supported by Alexander Hamilton (Federalist party)
Believed that money was more valuable than land
Believed they could do whatever the Constitution did not prohibit them from doing
The Constitution doesn’t not say they couldn’t make a National Bank, so they could do it

12. Loose Construction vs. Strict Construction

13. 2. Strict Construction
Supported by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison (Democrat-Republican party)
Believed land was more valuable than money
Believed people only had the power to do what the Constitution says they can do
Constitution doesn’t say anything about a National Bank, so there can’t be one
Feared banks would create money and power hungry men

14. 11.6 John Adams’ Presidency
John Adams, Federalist,
is President
Thomas Jefferson, Democratic-Republican, Vice President
This is problem!

15. Alien and Sedition Acts
Federalists passed these laws to protect the US from foreigners who might be a threat.
Alien Act
Lengthened the time aliens could become citizens
5 to 14 years in US
Sedition Act
Speaking or printing unfavorable things about the government (Federalists) could land you in jail
Made to keep the Federalists in power!

16. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
An attempt for states to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts
Didn’t work
But did begin talk about States’ Rights Theory

17. 11.7 and 11.8 The Election of 1800
Jefferson and Burr (Dem-Rep) vs. Adams and Pinckney (Fed)
People wanted Hamilton to be President but he was born in the Caribbean and was not eligible
Jefferson = 73 votes
Burr = 73 votes
Adams = 65

18. Resolution and the 12th Amendment
Hamilton persuaded Congressmen to vote for Jefferson over Burr…what??? I thought they hated each other!
Jefferson won the election
Burr kills Hamilton in a dual…really???
12th Amendment changed
things so a tie couldn’t
happen again

19. Chapter 11 Reading Check
1. Who was in Washington’s cabinet? 2. What was learned by the Whiskey Rebellion? 3. What did GW warn in his farewell address? 4. Explain the difference between a loose and strict constructionist. 5. How did the Alien and Sedition Acts keep the Federalists in power? 6. What problem did the 12th Amendment resolve?