1. EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 EASA & UAS AIRWORTHINESS POLICY David Haddon david.haddon@easa.europa.eu

2. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 2 Contents Part 1: EASA What is EASA? Civil/Military Co-operation Part 2:Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Civil UAS Experience Overview of UAS Airworthiness Policy On-going activities Summary

3. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 3 What is EASA? EASA is a European Union Agency Established by regulation (EC) 1592/2002: Defines clear sharing of roles between EASA, the Member States and the European Commission Establishes basic principles for civil aviation safety and essential requirements Limited to airworthiness and Environmental protection Scope subsequently extended by regulation (EC) 216/2008 to cover operations, pilot licensing and 3 rd country operators. Will be extended further (2010?) to cover aerodromes and ATM/ANS

4. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 4 EASA Facts & Figures Location:  Originally located in Brussels  Seat is Cologne since 03 November 2004 Staffing:  1 - September 2003;  100 - end of 2004;  185 - end of 2005;  450? - end 2009

5. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 5 EASA Objectives & Role Principal Objective: To establish and maintain high uniform levels of civil aviation safety in Europe Role: Rulemaking Certification Standardisation Centre of expertise within EU International relations

6. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 6 Civil/Military Co-operation Regulation (EC) 216/2008 Article 1 Scope “1. … 2. This Regulation shall not apply when products, parts, appliances, personnel and organisations referred to in paragraph 1 are engaged in military, customs, police, or similar services. The Member States shall undertake to ensure that such services have due regard as far as practicable to the objectives of this Regulation.”

7. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 7 Civil/Military Co-operation Examples of Civil/Military co-operation: Informal advice and participation in meetings Mutual exchange of Continued airworthiness information for dual use aircraft (e.g. helicopters) A400M civil certification Recognition that expertise residing in the military may cross into the civil world (e.g. UAS) EASA would welcome further co-ordination with military aviation authorities

8. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 8 Part 2 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) EASA Airworthiness Policy

9. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 9 Civil UAS Experience Initial expectation that civil UAS would explode onto the civil market has yet to materialise Many small UAS (<150kg) operating under exemptions granted by NAAs FAA grant about 100 Certificates of Authorization (COA) per year to governmental agencies, mostly (80-85%) are to small UAS primarily used for law enforcement. Currently 3 UAS applications for EASA type- certification (1 each for helicopter, aeroplane and airship)

10. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 10 The Civil UAS Market Source: European Commission - ENTR/2007/065. Study Analysing the Current Activities in the Field of UAV. Frost & Sullivan, 10 th November 2008

11. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 11 UAS Airworthiness Policy Derived from earlier work done by the JAA/EUROCONTROL UAV Task Force & A-NPA 16/2005 Establishes general principles for type-certification Provides guidance to Part 21 UAS Definition Policy Scope (in line with Regulation 216/2008) Not military or state a/c (Article 1) Not research or experimental a/c (Annex II (b) Not ex-military (Annex II (d)) Not below 150 kg (Annex II (i))

12. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 12 Policy Objectives To facilitate the acceptance of UAS for civil applications while upholding the Agency’s given objectives in the Basic Regulation. A civil UAS must not increase the risk to people or property on the ground compared with manned aircraft of equivalent category. Airworthiness standards should not penalise UAS by requiring compliance with higher standards simply because technology permits.

13. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 13 Certification Procedures Part 21 applies Existing procedures for manned a/c apply Normal approach (DOA/POA, TC, CofA, Part M) Alternative Approach Allowed under 216/2008 Article 5 4(b) Provides a step-by-step approach Deviations from ER must be compensated for by operational restrictions. Leads to Restricted TC and/or Restricted CofA Specific certification specs. or safety case

14. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 14 Guidance to Part 21 21A.14: Demonstration of Capability DOA APDOA for very light UAS (CS-VLA,CS-VLR) 21A.16B: Special Conditions Emergency recovery Capability Communication Link Level of Autonomy Human machine Interface Ground Control Station System Safety Analysis Due to type of operation

15. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 15 Guidance to Part 21 21A.17: Type Certification basis Consists of: Base CS(s) chosen from KE and equivalence with manned a/c Tailoring of CS SC (including System safety Analysis) Accept compliance with USAR v3 & STANAG 4671, provided: base CS is not above CS-23 and appropriate system safety objectives are used

16. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 16 Issues still to be developed Airworthiness APDOA System Safety Analysis & Targets Sense & Avoid (once criteria is defined) New EASA responsibilities to be included: Ops & Lic. (including FDR/CVR) Aerodromes ATC/ATM Prime responsibility outside EASA: Security

17. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 17 On-Going Activities FAA/EASA Collaboration Joint Authorities for Rulemaking Unmanned Systems (JARUS) EUROCAE WG-73 / RTCA SC 203 ICAO UAS Study group ITU: WRC 2011 EASA Research contract on UAS Communications Contacts with other organisations: EDA, NATO (FINAS), NAAs, EUROCONTROL, etc.

18. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 18 Summary EASA is committed to developing the regulatory framework for civil UAS. EASA is and will continue to actively contribute to this goal in cooperation with other stakeholders and regulatory bodies. UAS will only be allowed to operate where they can show equivalent safety to manned civil a/c. Existing civil manned aircraft rules and procedures will be used wherever practicable. UAS are only a small (although growing) part of the EASA’s overall scope, and time/resources must be allocated proportionately

19. European Aviation Safety Agency EASA & UAS Airworthiness Policy – Presented at the Military Airworthiness Harmonisation Workshop, Olomouc, 5 June 2009 Slide 19 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION www.easa.europa.eu