1. Federal Aviation Administration 1 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Federal Aviation Administration Research Area 2: Space Transportation Operations, Technologies & Payloads Presentation at the Center of Excellence for Commercial Space Transportation Research Road Map Workshop 2 August 16, 2011 Nick Demidovich AST R&D Advisory Board Member

2. Federal Aviation Administration 2 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 AGENDA Outputs from Workshop #1 Research Area 2 Hierarchy Primary Goals for Workshop #2 Complete Research Area Hierarchy Identify Broad Research Topics Identify Specific Tasks Identify High Priority Tasks Low-hanging fruit to enable safer, more reliable Commercial Space Transportation Lowering cost, improving mission rate are force multipliers Additional Goal  identify efficient means to: Prevent duplication of efforts by NASA, DOD, NSF, and possibly NOAA, DOT and other USG agencies University and/or private sector community Leverage current/prior R&D efforts for FAA/Comm Space industry benefit

3. Federal Aviation Administration 3 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 New Areas we addressed Man rated vehicle safety technology payloads ECLSS Safety enabling sensors recorders Insurance reduction/learn from other transportation modes NASA Commercial RLV technology roadmap –study

4. Federal Aviation Administration 4 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Research Area 2 Hierarchy

5. Federal Aviation Administration 5 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Research Area 2.1 Hierarchy Broad Research Topics Space Ops Ground Ops Pre-launch processing

6. Federal Aviation Administration 6 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Ideas/questions to answer 2.1.1.5 Examine technology options for near Real Time wind predictions. Develop wind technologies to support launch and re-entry 2.1.2 Research and recommend a certification program for maintenance technicians. Space equivalent from aviation Research, advance mobile range concepts Explore low cost concepts for down range 2.1.3 Explore lessons learned (extrapolation) from aviation to spacecraft industry. 2.1.2 / 2.1.5 ** Research and recommend safe, expeditious, and cost efficient processing of reusable manned or unmanned vehicles that are payloads on ELVs Landing, inspection, modification if needed, transportation, and integration **Explore expeditious way for licensing When minor changes to a licensed spacecraft, consider between having to re-license entire spacecraft or license the specific change

7. Federal Aviation Administration 7 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Research Area 2.2 Hierarchy Broad Research Topics GNC Simulation and Testing FMEA Rapid prototyping Hardware Software

8. Federal Aviation Administration 8 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Ideas/questions to answer 2.2.3 ** Explore expeditious processes to migrate technologies and payloads to be tested in flight 2.2.2.3 **Expeditious handling of design upgrades. From a licensing/permit perspective. How to plan and expeditiously capture changes to avoid delaying licensing 2.2.2.1 Study environmental damage to RLVs and RVs due to lightning, ice crystals, etc. Design guidelines Consider experimentation for composites RLVs 2.2.2.3 * Research the physics and impacts of re-entry debris 2.2.2 Analysis for inland landing locations for different stages Inland parachute landings of stages and re-entry Investigation of Instrumentation and telemetry. Active space debris removal

9. Federal Aviation Administration 9 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Ideas/questions to answer 2.2.3.2 Software Testing Investigate lessons learned from NASA or other agencies in software development Get cyber security recommendations from other industries 2.3 *Study how to facilitate small companies to have access to NASA and FAA test facilities (e.g. test chambers) Investigate how to use aircraft subsystems in spacecraft What study or analysis are required? How to space rate air-breathing engines, avionics? *Investigate what NASA and FAA do for handling c.g locations for aircraft before flight How to make this process reliable? What techniques are used? How do to use this to process payloads?

10. Federal Aviation Administration 10 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Research Area 2.3 Hierarchy 2.3.1.1 Real Time Instrumentation Comms / transponders beacons FTS Detection Systems Propellant monitoring Integrated Vehicle Health System/FDIR (Fault Detection Isolation and Recovery) 2.3.2 post Flight Diagnostic Equipment Black Box, life cycle detection 2.3.3 Crew Survivavility (ECLSS) 2.3.4 Additional Safety Critical subsystems/Safety Enabling technologies

11. Federal Aviation Administration 11 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Ideas/questions to answer 2.3.1.1-2 **Analyze which systems can be leveraged from aviation, and identify the type of analysis required 2.3.1.1 *Study literature on redundancy for safety critical systems Guidelines for redundancy levels With inputs from theme 3, how to improve safety critical systems for manned vehicles 2.3.1.1 How can the COE look at migrating these emerging or existing technologies to the spacecraft world. Identify these technologies and put it on the shelf for RLV/ELVs Consider self repairing materials 2.3.1.1 Consider Fuel system status 2.3.3 Provide ECLSS standards/recommendations Inputs needed 2.3.1.1 Beacon transponder, navigation inputs needed from theme 1 2.3.2 Inputs needed from theme 3

12. Federal Aviation Administration 12 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Research Area 2.4 Hierarchy Vehicle Crew

13. Federal Aviation Administration 13 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Ideas/questions to answer 2.4.1 * How much information does a developer/operator need to tell the FAA in order to safely fly a payload (leverage work from NASA FOP program)? For purely commercial, what type of disclosure is required? Define a standard for cargo vs. scientific/engineering payload 2.4.3 Study payload impacts on human/crew safety How to screen products for use in orbit List of things that people can be allowed to bring into space (on suborbital tourism flights) 2.4.4 *Case study of a generic deployment of a payload on an RLV, and how to do a safety analysis on this How to deploy a payload? It is safe for the vehicle? How to isolate the crew from dangerous cargo? 2.4 Input needed from theme 3

14. Federal Aviation Administration 14 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Research Area 2.5 Hierarchy Voluntary mandatory TTSReturn to flight status after off nominal operation

15. Federal Aviation Administration 15 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Ideas/questions to answer 2.5.3 **Return to flight after off nominal operation-> Develop minimum requirements, guidelines *Study interoperability of commercial space safety management system with other FAA and TBD agencies Guidelines for RLVs, ELVs, spaceport operators, etc *Hazmat template of what toxic materials need to be provided to fire departments to assess resulting fire due to a vehicle crash What are the potential hazards on the ground due to new materials on a spacecraft? What are operators needed to provide in emergency situations Explore technical systems that can scan for aircraft in the operating area What is the desired resolution How do we ensure that the air space is clear. Inputs needed from theme 1 Guidelines for contingency operations Off nominal operation protocols to determine what equipment is needed. What is the desired interaction between the FAA and the vehicle operator to solve problems?

16. Federal Aviation Administration 16 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Overarching Areas of Concern Human rating Impact on the payload and vice versa Area 3 crossover On orbit aborts (rendezvous and docking) Technology Active Space debris removal OTV technologies (nuclear, other advanced technologies) Should we develop a set of standard courses for FAA personal doing analysis, and operators, and developers Workshop with NASA where does NASA stop, FAA begins on CRS? Input from theme 1 for NAS integration and space traffic management for technology and payload development

17. Federal Aviation Administration 17 COE CST Research Road Mapping Workshop #2 August 16, 2011 Let’s make it happen! Questions? Comments? Concerns ?