1. WHAT IS THE STATE OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY IN THE POST 9/11 WORLD? 2011 Sam Nunn Security Fellows

2. Unity of Effort  Issues on 9/11  Watchlists  Sharing information  Connecting-the-dots  Failure of Joint Action by the U.S. Government

3. 9/11 Commission Recommendations  National Counterterrorism Center  Director of National Intelligence  Information-sharing network  Strengthened congressional oversight  National Security Branch of FBI

4. Reforms implemented  Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004  National Counterterrorism Center established  Director of National Intelligence created; limited powers  Cultural shift from “need to know” to “need to share” information  New framework for FBI operations:  Operation’s centralization at Headquarters  Creation of FIGs and increase in the number of JTTFs  Cultural change in hiring leadership cadre  Congress did not reform itself

5. Analysis and Recommendations  NCTC  Effective at pooling talent and information  Needs more focused direction and training  DNI  Effective at unifying intelligence community standards  Unclear authority and responsibilities  Sharing information  Work-in-progress; still need to simplify databases; increase security

6. Analysis and Recommendations  Congress  Urgent need to reform the intelligence oversight  Need to clearly define agencies boundaries and responsibilities  FBI  Work in progress  Privacy and civil rights concerns  Need to be tighter control over informants