1. 1865-1876

2. Ten-Percent Plan (Lincoln’s Lenient Plan)—1863 Lincoln wants to treat the South in a lenient way South states are allowed back in the United States if: 10% of state’s population gave oath to the Union Null and void old state government and write new one Agree to emancipation (No Slaves) Lincoln is assassinated Andrew Johnson becomes president

3. Texas Amnesty Proclamation (June 17, 1865) Johnson under severe pressure to unite Union 3 factions in state government Republicans Union officers Black politicians Secessionist Democrats Confederates Unionist Democrats In the middle

4. James W. Throckmorton named president of Convention Gave rights to blacks which had been won “by force of arms” Denied blacks most important rights Voting, testifying against whites, serve on juries, and attend public schools Statewide election held on June 25, 1866 Ratify the new constitution

5. Controlled by former Confederates Passed the “black codes” No firearms No political office No relationship with whites No sidewalks at same time as whites Refused to ratify the 13 th or 14 th Amendments 13 th -Freedom for slaves 14 th -Former slaves are now citizens

6. White supremacy survives the war The KKK and White Camilla come to Texas Main Goals Keep Republican Blacks out of the political process Keep blacks tied to labor responsibilities (slavery) Random violence between 1865-1868 (over 1,000 blacks killed)

7. The Federal government and role of the Freedman’s Bureau Schools for free blacks (4,000 schools) 1 out of 10 black kids got an education Go-to people for slaves in labor contracts Medical care and poverty relief The Fall of Andrew Johnson

8. U.S. Congress passes the Military Reconstruction Act on March 2, 1867 Declared existing state governments illegal Divided South into 5 military districts (Texas placed in 5 th District) Convention to draft new Constitution Emancipation Blacks right to vote Ratify 13 th and 14 th amendments Iron-clad oath to the US Constitution

9. Throckmorton is removed as President and seen as “impediment to Reconstruction” Elisha Pease appointed provisional president

10. Called for in Feb. 1868 More Klan activity Emergence of E.J. Davis

11. Constitutional Structure Established a strong executive branch Established a permanent school fund School attendance is required for ages 6-18 All races have access to public education Black suffrage Elect officers and E.J. Davis as governor The 12 th Legislature Ratifies 14 th and 15 th Amendments President Grant declares reconstruction over (March 20, 1869)