1. Photo courtesy of Clive Levy, Commercial Farmers Union of Zimbabwe Soybean Rust: Quarantine Exemptions Kent L. Smith, Ph.D. USDA Office of Pest Management Policy June 29, 2004

2. Impact of Soybean Rust Yield Impact Yield losses in soybeans – reported to be 10 to 50% of area yield where established, up to 90% or greater in selected fields Yield losses in soybeans – reported to be 10 to 50% of area yield where established, up to 90% or greater in selected fields Minor crop impact – soybean rust pathogen has wide host range on leguminous crops – lima beans, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, green beans, etc. Minor crop impact – soybean rust pathogen has wide host range on leguminous crops – lima beans, black-eyed peas, kidney beans, green beans, etc.

3. Impact of Soybean Rust Economic Impact Economic impact on U.S. Economy – estimated by USDA/ERS in April 2004: Economic impact on U.S. Economy – estimated by USDA/ERS in April 2004:www.ers.usda.gov Yield Impacts from 0.9% to -9.5% (availability of fungicides & application equipment assumed) Yield Impacts from 0.9% to -9.5% (availability of fungicides & application equipment assumed) Benefits of higher prices for soybeans and corn Benefits of higher prices for soybeans and corn Net losses of $0.2 to 2.0 billion/year Net losses of $0.2 to 2.0 billion/year

4. No Fungicides With Fungicides Photo courtesy of Clive Levy, Commercial Farmers Union of Zimbabwe

5. Fungicides Registered in U.S. for Soybean Rust on Soybeans Azoxystrobin (Quadris) Azoxystrobin (Quadris) Chlorothalonil (Bravo and Echo) Chlorothalonil (Bravo and Echo)

6. Fungicides Registered in U.S. for Rust On Other Legumes (lima beans, green beans, kidney beans, cowpeas, pigeon peas, and others) Azoxystrobin (Quadris) Azoxystrobin (Quadris) Chlorothalonil (Bravo and Echo) Chlorothalonil (Bravo and Echo) Pyraclostrobin (Headline) Pyraclostrobin (Headline) Maneb (Manex) on dry beans Maneb (Manex) on dry beans Myclobutanil (Laredo, Rally) on green beans Myclobutanil (Laredo, Rally) on green beans

7. Fungicides Requested to Control Soybean Rust on Soybeans under Quarantine Exemption (Section 18) by South Dakota and Minnesota Propiconazole (Tilt, Propimax, Bumper) – Granted 4/23/04 Propiconazole (Tilt, Propimax, Bumper) – Granted 4/23/04 Tebuconazole (Folicur) Tebuconazole (Folicur) Myclobutanil (Laredo) – Granted 3/25/04 Myclobutanil (Laredo) – Granted 3/25/04 Trifloxystrobin + propiconazole (Stratego) Trifloxystrobin + propiconazole (Stratego) Tetraconazole (Eminent) Tetraconazole (Eminent) Pyraclostrobin (Headline) Pyraclostrobin (Headline) Boscalid + pyraclostrobin (Pristine) Boscalid + pyraclostrobin (Pristine)

8. Requests for me too Quarantine Exemptions for soybean rust Apply for all 7 fungicides requested by SD & MN Apply for all 7 fungicides requested by SD & MN Follow EPA instructions for citing MN & SD quarantine exemption Follow EPA instructions for citing MN & SD quarantine exemption

9. Limits of MN & SD Quarantine Exemptions Treat no more that 50% soybean acreage Treat no more that 50% soybean acreage (EPA will consider 100% usage) (EPA will consider 100% usage) Maximum of 2 applications total Maximum of 2 applications total (EPA will consider 3 applications total) (EPA will consider 3 applications total) Rationale needed for greater usage longer season varieties longer season varieties environment more conducive to disease environment more conducive to disease closer to overwintering sites closer to overwintering sites

10. Why So Many Fungicides? Supply, Supply, Supply!! Supply, Supply, Supply!! Fungicide resistance management Fungicide resistance management Uncertain fungicide effectiveness Uncertain fungicide effectiveness

11. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) www.frac.info For Strobilurins (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin) used alone in only 1/3 of applications used alone in only 1/3 of applications used in mixes in only 1/2 of applications used in mixes in only 1/2 of applications For Triazoles (propiconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, tetraconazole) alternate with other chemistries if possible alternate with other chemistries if possible

12. Requests for me too Quarantine Exemptions for soybean rust ArkansasLouisiana DelawareMaryland Illinois Nebraska Indiana New York IowaOhio Kentucky

13. Web Site on Soybean Rust http://www.ipmcenters.org/NewsAlerts/soybeanrust For more information on soybean rust, please contact: Kent Smith Teung Chin (Plant Pathology & Section 18s)(Registrations & Triazoles) 202-720-3186301-734-8943 ksmith@ars.usda.govteung.f.chin@usda.gov