1. Medical statistics

2. The medical statistics is a science which studies health of the population depending on social, economic, cultural, sanitary-hygienic, medical and biologic factors and has a goal of establishing tendencies of these dependences in conditions of activity of system medical care.

3. The medical statistics studies:
1.0 Health of the population:
1.1 Demographic processes;
1.2 Morbidity;
1.3 Invalidity ;
1.4 Somatometry and determining of biochemical constants;
1.5 Mental health and psychometry.

4. 2.0 Conditions of an environment and people’s life styles:
2.1 Air;
2.2 Water;
2.3 Radiation;
2.4 Nutrition;
2.5 Material welfare;
2.6 Work and training;
2.7 Rest;
2.8 Behavior.

5. 3.0 Medical base:
3.1 Medical establishments ;
3.2 Health manpower ;
3.3 The budget of public health services.
4.0 Activity of system of public health services:
4.1 Ambulatory and polyclinics;
4.2 Hospitals;
4.3 Drugstores;
4.4 Social - medical activity.

6. The ways of formation of statistical integrity :
1.0 By volume
2.0 By time
3.0 By type

7. The plan and program of medico-statistical research includes:
1.0 Data collection:
1.1 A concentration and preservation of the data;
1.2 Data transmission.

8. 2.0 Data processing:
2.1 Normalization (standardization) of the data;
2.2 Coding and grouping of the data;
2.3 Registration;
2.4 Calculation of average values, dispersions, errors;
2.5 Comparison, definition of a difference;
2.6 Correlation, regress, complex estimations.
3.0 The analysis of the data:
3.1 Survey, interpretation analysis;
3.2 The mathematical analysis: disperse, multifactor, initial, logistic, system, etc.

9. Registration and accounting medical documents can serve as programs of medic-statistical research .
Medical-statistical research can be complete or selective.
Complete or continuous research covers all observation units.
Selective research covers a representative part of the supervision units, which enables to evaluate phenomenon in whole.

10. Research is of great importance
Research is of great importance. The territory strongly influences the results of research.
The next question is time and term of the research. Research can last constantly, that is to be current, to be carried out periodically, during certain time or to be one-stage.
Constant researches are: studying of natural movement of the population, periodic — studying of prevalence of chronic diseases, one-stage — population census, fixing of a condition of medical service

11. After gathering the statistical data is being processed
After gathering the statistical data is being processed. This process includes quantitative and qualitative check, coding and grouping of these data. Quantitative check means check of correctness of statistical record of documents, qualitative — logic comparison of the data, for example, age and the diagnosis, age and employment, growth and weight of a body, etc. Later there is coding. To each quantitative or qualitative characteristic of the phenomenon certain code is given.

12. Grouping may be a distribution of the data according to quantitative or qualitative characteristics with the purpose of their analysis
Variable — is a quantitative or qualitative values of the concrete characteristic of the phenomenon, for example, newborn can have length of a body 47, 48, 49, 50, etc
An absolute value — the number which characterizes the phenomenon in its absolute (arithmetic) value.
A relative value — a number which characterizes the relation of one value to another and can mean a part, frequency or a ratio of one number to another. An absolute value — the number which characterizes the phenomenon in its absolute (arithmetic) value.

13. Table A variation line
Weight of newborns, gr.
Number of newborns, n
2900 1
3000 2
3100 3
3200
3300
3400

14. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a series.
1.The range is used to measure data spread.
2.The range provides no information concerning the scatter within the series.

15. Statistical totality will consist of elements, which have identical characteristics and represent an object of the statistical analysis. For example, in research of demographic problems of the country by statistical set there will be all of its population; in research of the stationary aid — hospitalized patients.
General statistical totality includes all elements of research.
Selective statistical totality contains a part of general totality, which represents all of its elements. It should to be selected from general statistical set to give the same chance to get in sample to each statistical unit.

16. Statistical unit (unit supervision) submitted by an element of which there is a statistical set (for example, a person, a family, a newborn, a pregnant woman, a patient with ischemic heart disease , etc.
Statistical attribute is a general property for all units, which is studied during statistical research, for example, studying of weight, growth, disease in newborn etc.
Statistical index is the statistical value which makes it possible to characterize the phenomenon.
Processing the statistical data and the formation of statistical tables allows understanding the researched phenomena better.

17. Statistical tables are breadboard models, which will consist of columns and lines on which crossing statistics data are placed.
There are simple, group and combined tables.

18. Medical establishments Number of establishments
Table 2.2 Number of medical establishments in the area (the simple table)
Medical establishments
Number of establishments
District hospitals 75
Areal hospitals 1
Regional hospitals 20
Total 96

19. Medical establishments
Table 2.3 Territorial distribution of medical establishments in the area (the group table)
Medical establishments
North
Center
South
Total
District hospitals 20 40 15 75
Regional hospitals 5 12 3
Areal hospitals - 1 25 53 18 96

20. The average value characterizes the phenomenon in one way
The average value characterizes the phenomenon in one way. It is much more frequently applied in the statistical analysis — an average term of stay of the patient in bed, average spaciousness of hospitals, etc.
The dispersion from average value shows variability (fluctuation) of an individual cases in relation to average value.
The average error displays the relation of the statistics received at selective research, to a parameter of continuous or complete research.
Parameters of correlation and regress are used for definition of functional, causal relationships between two or more characteristics.

21. Extensive parameters characterize the structure of statistical totality .
Intensive parameters display frequency of the phenomenon in the environment, indicate its level.

22. Relative and average values and their reliability
In medical statistics themselves the following kinds of relative parameters are used:
Extensive;
Intensive;
Relative intensity;
Visualization ;
Correlation

23. The extensive parameter or a parameter of distribution characterizes a parts of the phenomena (structure), that is it shows, what part from the general number of all diseases (died) is made with this or that disease which enters into total.
The general formula of its subtraction is the following:
part × 100
common number

24. phenomenon ×100(1000;10 000;100 000) environment
The intensive parameter characterizes frequency or distribution. It shows, how frequently the given phenomenon occurs in the given environment.
General formula of the calculation is the following:
phenomenon ×100(1000;10 000; ) environment

25. Parameters of relative intensity represent a numerical ratio of two or several structures of the same elements of a set, which is studied.
The parameter of visualization characterizes the relation of any of comparable values to the initial level accepted for 100.

26. The parameter of correlation characterizes the relation between diverse values.
General formula of the calculation is the following:
phenomenon ×100(1000;10 000; ) environment (which doesn’t produces this phenomenon)

27. Dynamic lines
are the lines, which one consists from homogeneous of values, which one characterize change any one appearances for a definite span.

28. Dynamic analysis
Pure gain - a difference between following and previous numbers of dynamic lines.
Rate of gain - the relation of the pure gain to previous number increased on 100 %.
Rate of growth - the relation of following and previous numbers of dynamic lines increased on 100 %.

29. Average values are parameters of the basic quality of the phenomena which are studied, or a unit of measurements of the central tendency of distribution a variant.
In all researches which concern a state of health, the great value has comparison of the phenomenon with the standard as which the average value acts.

30. Average simple arithmetic is determined according to the model:

31. Average mixed arithmetic is determined according to the model:

32. Mode or dominant – is a variant, which occurs in a variation line with the greatest frequency.
Median - is a variant ,which occupies median position. In a case if number of the variant is pair, the median represents average value of two variant ,which occupy median position.

33. Average values - 1. Arithmetical mean (M) 2. Moda (Module) (Mo)
is generalized value, which gives characteristics by one of the number for occurrence, that may have many an individual manifestations
2. Moda (Module) (Mo)
is a value of the feature, which is founded in totality most frequently
3. Median
(Me)
is a value of the feature, which occupies medium position in variation line and divides it in two symmetrical parts

34. The methods of determination of arithmetical mean
1. Simple arithmetical mean
is calculated when variants are met with equal frequency and quantity of observations (n) is ≤ 30
2. Weight arithmetical mean
is calculated when variants are met with different frequency and n is >30
3. Method of moments
is calculated when variants are expressed by great numbers and quantity of observations is expressed by hundreds and thousands of incidents

35. Properties of arithmetical mean
1. It occupies an average position in variation line
2. It has abstract character
3. Sum of deflection of all variants from medium value is equal to 0

36. Thank you!