1. Unification of Italy & Germany

2. Review Growth of Population and Cities The Industrial Middle Class The Working Middle Class Early Socialism Growth of Population and Cities The Industrial Middle Class The Working Middle Class Early Socialism

3. The Congress of Vienna Group who organized Europe after the final defeat of Napoleon Purpose – to keep any one country from becoming too powerful again and dominating Europe as France did under Napoleon The Congress of Vienna… 1. Created new countries & re-drew boundaries for some existing countries 2. Returned monarchies to power 3. Required that countries meet frequently to keep the peace Group who organized Europe after the final defeat of Napoleon Purpose – to keep any one country from becoming too powerful again and dominating Europe as France did under Napoleon The Congress of Vienna… 1. Created new countries & re-drew boundaries for some existing countries 2. Returned monarchies to power 3. Required that countries meet frequently to keep the peace

4. Nationalism The decisions of the Congress of Vienna caused anger and resentment in the countries it tried to rule This led to nationalism - unique cultural identity of a nation based on common language, religion, and national traditions Nationalists b/l each nation should have its own govt. – no state should dominate another state Freedom is only possible when people rule themselves The decisions of the Congress of Vienna caused anger and resentment in the countries it tried to rule This led to nationalism - unique cultural identity of a nation based on common language, religion, and national traditions Nationalists b/l each nation should have its own govt. – no state should dominate another state Freedom is only possible when people rule themselves

5. Unification of Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi – raises an army of revolutionaries called “Red Shirts” His forces b/g to win battles and take control of land in Italy He joined forces w/ Piedmont (Italian state) and they expelled French and Austrian forces from Italy 1870 – a new, unified kingdom of Italy was claimed Giuseppe Garibaldi – raises an army of revolutionaries called “Red Shirts” His forces b/g to win battles and take control of land in Italy He joined forces w/ Piedmont (Italian state) and they expelled French and Austrian forces from Italy 1870 – a new, unified kingdom of Italy was claimed

6. Germany b/f Unificaiton

7. Why Should Germans Unify? 1. They shared a common: Language Culture Traditions 2. They were sick of being kicked around by stronger countries 3. They developed strong nationalistic feelings (due to Napoleon & the Congress of Vienna) 1. They shared a common: Language Culture Traditions 2. They were sick of being kicked around by stronger countries 3. They developed strong nationalistic feelings (due to Napoleon & the Congress of Vienna)

8. Bismarck Unifies Germany Otto von Bismarck- Prussian whose goal is to unify all German speaking states into 1 strong country. Used policy of “Blood & Iron” (Machiavellian) to get things done! Unifies all German speaking independent areas into 1 strong country – will cause many problems later! Otto von Bismarck- Prussian whose goal is to unify all German speaking states into 1 strong country. Used policy of “Blood & Iron” (Machiavellian) to get things done! Unifies all German speaking independent areas into 1 strong country – will cause many problems later!

9. Bismarck – Saint or Sinner? Your group will create 2 posters: 1) “Wanted” – This poster should describe the crimes of Bismarck & outline why he would be “wanted.” 2) ‘Elect” – Election posters list the positive character traits & things a person has done to convince you that he is the best person for the job! Your group will create 2 posters: 1) “Wanted” – This poster should describe the crimes of Bismarck & outline why he would be “wanted.” 2) ‘Elect” – Election posters list the positive character traits & things a person has done to convince you that he is the best person for the job!