1. Thomas Paine – Common Sense Born in England – Met Franklin – came to America Publicist in Philly Slavery being unjust and inhumane View – Colonies had the right to revolt and felt there was no reason for the colonies to remain dependent on England – Common Sense –Eventually, independence would have to come because America lost touch with the mother land –Arguments for separation – WERE SIMPLE FACTS, PLAIN ARGUMENTS, AND COMMON SENSE –Sold over 500,000 copies

2. Thomas Paine – Common Sense View – Colonies had the right to revolt and felt there was no reason for the colonies to remain dependent on England – Common Sense –Eventually, independence would have to come because America lost touch with the mother land –Arguments for separation – WERE SIMPLE FACTS, PLAIN ARGUMENTS, AND COMMON SENSE

3. This was the nation’s first national government HOWEVER… Rested on no constitutional base Was condemned by British as an UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY and DEN OF TRAITORS

4. 2 nd Continental Congress met in Philadelphia with the intention of voting for independence from England However – recess called –Delegates in few colonies had to return to seek further instruction In anticipation of this vote, the Congress selected a committee to draft a declaration of independence. The committee, composed of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman

5. Jefferson began his work on June 11 and toiled in seclusion writing a number of drafts. After presenting his final draft, the committee further revised the document and submitted it to the Continental Congress on June 28. On July 2, the Continental Congress voted for independence and refined its Declaration of Independence before releasing it to the public on July 4th.

6. Declaration History The original 1776 Declaration is lost Once it was agreed upon, the original was sent to a official printer (Dunlap) to print 200 broadsides (posters) of the Declaration with only the TYPED name of John Hancock (President) and Charles Thomson (Secretary) - Also, he had the largest signature GIVEN TO DELEGATES  assemblies, conventions, commanders –Only 24 known copies TODAY King George III never received a signature copy Declarations including the signatures  not until 1777 –Not the same names… Delegates were away, NY (await new instructions), new delegates were allowed to sign their names, some refused to sign

7. The most famous signed copy is at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. In 1987 the National Archives and Records Administration installed a $3 million camera and computerized system to monitor the condition of the three documents (D. of. I, Con, and B. of R.) Any flea market scavengers…? – a copy of Dunlap Declaration ($4 painting at flea market in BUCKS COUNTY, Pa ) $8.14 million

8. Would you be willing to put your name on this document if there may be consequences?

9. - John Hancock New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton Massachusetts: John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery Connecticut: Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott New York: William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris New Jersey: Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark Pennsylvania: Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross Delaware: Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean Maryland: Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton Virginia: George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton North Carolina: William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn South Carolina: Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton Georgia: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton

10. STOP NOTES For Tues Test

11. Signing of Declaration  nation faced new major tasks (New Unit)

12. #1 – Fighting the Revolution Declaration sparked full-scale war against Britain –Problems: Nation lacked Experienced National ARMY State militias – little experience, poorly trained States had little experience working together

13. #2 Creating State Constitutions By 1780, most states had adopted written constitutions Some – revised Charter Others – wrote new Similarities between them… –Rights of citizens –“Government existed only with the consent of the governed” –Provided separation of powers –Each had elected legislature

14. #3 Establishing a Plan for Confederation 2 nd Continental Congress began to write a constitution for the nation

15. However… Due to the feelings of the colonists  who had greater loyalty to their STATES, not the new nation  they were weary about giving the national government too MUCH POWER Pulling down the statue of King George III in NYC

16. End of notes

17. *Flip over your notes Debated for 18 months Finally November 1777 – Delegates approved a plan of Government *Established a firm league of friendship among the States ** Congress was wary of CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY (Heavy restrictions by crown) **Government needs to have LIMITED POWERS

18.  Articles of Confederation (1777) Congress would be national governing body Congress had powers to declare war, sign peace treaties Delegates from each state would represent their states Each state would have an equal vote in Congress

19. So, each State kept its… (look at notes) Believed the LOCAL legislature was closest to the people – National Government allowed them to develop their own policies Didn’t go into effect immediately – needed….

20. However there were weaknesses of the Articles…

21. Let’s take a look at 4 Incidents… Settling the National Debt Western Lands Soldiers in the Time of Peace The Pirates of North Africa America and the Barbary Pirates

22. Because of weaknesses – people began to questions the value of the Articles of Confederation…

23. In addition Feelings of the colonists – greater loyalty to their state, not the new nation They TOO were cautious about giving national government too much power

24. Tomorrow…we will examine a major event known as Shays’ Rebellion and how the Articles showed their weaknesses