1. Relevant Issues in effective Management of Technology
Dr Kampan Mukherjee Dean(Academic) & Professor, Department of Management Studies ISM, Dhanbad
EDP in CIMFR, 22nd March, 2010

2. Technology Management
Management of any technology from its inception to expiry, to create competitive advantage
Relevant principles:
Involves all management functional areas
Technology – either market-pulled or innovation / inputs / resource pushed
Technology Life Cycle with four stages – introduction, growth, maturity and decline
Impact of scale factor – efficiency achieved over time and with increase of volume of activities / production

3. Forms of Technology advances in industry
Product Technology:
Use value enhancement at customers’ end.
Process Technology:
Radical change in production / conversion method for better productivity, efficiency, quality, safety etc.
Information Technology Services:
IT as service provider in managing data / information for management and control of all activities of any organization, also for data handling and communication for people at large
Marketing and Distribution Services:
Impact of internet and e-commerce for global marketing and control on logistics

4. Technology Forecasting
Prediction of future technology for a sector, process, or organization.
Important factors – change of global technology, technology of prospective users, socio-economic factors, governmental factors etc.
Delphi Technique – iterative method of extracting opinions of experts for reaching a consensus.

5. Technology Selection
Complex decision making process for selecting most feasible / viable technology.
Feasibility – availability of skilled manpower, spare parts, matching with upstream and downstream processes, foreign exchange factor, socio-political factors etc.
Best or most worth – financial criteria like, payback period, ROI, NPV, IRR etc

6. III. Technology (also Knowledge) Transfer
Process of sharing skills, knowledge, machines / tools, methods / process etc among organizations for increase of accessibility of scientific and technological development.
Also results in better technology diffusion
Transfer of both Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
Tacit Knowledge – difficult, more intangibles.
Key factors – behavioral expectations or awareness, cultural values
Key approaches – communication, cross-cultural teambuilding

7. IV. Technology Diffusion
Very close bonding with market related information and societal environment
Process of adopting new technology by the market / society
Existence of 5 groups of people (Everett Rogers)
Innovators – 2.5%; mostly young and educated, more prosperous, risk-takers
Early Adopters – 13.5%; young, educated
Early Majority – 34%; little conservative but open to new ideas, community friendly & socially active
Late Majority – 34%; older & less educated, fairly conservative, less socially active
Laggards – 16%; very conservative, small firm & capital, least educated

8. 5 stages of technology diffusion / adoption as experienced by the prospective adopters
Knowledge – exposed to new technology, but not inspired or motivated to seek detailed information
Persuasion – actively seeking information and details
Decision – weighs advantages and disadvantages of its use; adopt or reject
Implementation – implement the technology at a lower scale for test run
Confirmation – adopt to fullest extent

9. Product Development General steps for Product Development:
Idea Generation
Product Selection
Preliminary Design
Prototyping
Testing
Detailed Design
Some relevant design tools / approaches:
Quality Function Deployment(QFD) / House of Quality(HOQ)
Concurrent Engineering
CAD
EDP in CIMFR, 22nd March, 2010

10. Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Translates voice of customers to technical design requirements
Displays requirements in matrix diagrams
each matrix called “house of quality”
series of connected houses

11. Design characteristics Customer requirements Competitive assessment
House of Quality
Trade-off matrix
Design characteristics
Customer requirements
Target values
Relationship matrix
Competitive assessment
Importance 1 2 3 4 5 6

12. Competitive Assessment
Competitive Assessment of Customer requirements with ‘A’ and ‘B’ (a simple example of electric iron)
Irons well
Easy and safe to use
Competitive Assessment
Customer Requirements
Presses quickly 9 B A X
Removes wrinkles 8 AB X
Doesn’t stick to fabric 6 X BA
Provides enough steam AB X
Doesn’t spot fabric 6 X AB
Doesn’t scorch fabric 9 A XB
Heats quickly 6 X B A
Automatic shut-off ABX
Quick cool-down 3 X A B
Doesn’t break when dropped 5 AB X
Doesn’t burn when touched 5 AB X
Not too heavy 8 X A B

13. From Customer Requirements to Design Characteristics
Time required to reach 450º F
Time to go from 450º to 100º
Protective cover for soleplate
Material used in soleplate
Flow of water from holes
Energy needed to press
Thickness of soleplate
Automatic shutoff
Size of soleplate
Number of holes
Weight of iron
Size of holes
Customer Requirements
Presses quickly
Removes wrinkles
Doesn’t stick to fabric
Provides enough steam
Doesn’t spot fabric
Doesn’t scorch fabric
Heats quickly
Automatic shut-off
Quick cool-down
Doesn’t break when dropped
Doesn’t burn when touched
Not too heavy
Irons well
Easy and safe to use
From Customer Requirements to Design Characteristics

14. Tradeoff Matrix + - Protective cover for soleplate
Time to go from 450º to 100º
Time required to reach 450º
Material used in soleplate
Flow of water from holes
Energy needed to press
Thickness of soleplate
Automatic shutoff
Size of soleplate
Number of holes
Weight of iron
Size of holes - +

15. Targeted Changes in Design
Time to go from 450º to 100º
Protective cover for soleplate
Time required to reach 450º
Material used in soleplate
Flow of water from holes
Energy needed to press
Thickness of soleplate
Automatic shutoff
Size of soleplate
Number of holes
Weight of iron
Size of holes
Units of measure ft-lb lb in. cm ty ea mm oz/s sec sec Y/N Y/N
Iron A x4 2 SS N Y
Iron B x4 1 MG N Y
Our Iron (X) x5 4 T N Y
Estimated impact
Estimated cost
Targets x5 3 SS
Design changes * * * * * * *
Objective measures

16. Completed House of Quality
SS = Silverstone
MG = Mirorrglide
T = Titanium
Completed House of Quality

17. A Series of Connected QFD Houses
Customer requirements
House of quality
Product characteristics
A-1
Parts deployment
Part characteristics
A-2
Process planning
Process characteristics
A-3
Operating requirements
Operations
A-4

18. Benefits of QFD Promotes better understanding of customer demands
Promotes better understanding of design interactions
Involves manufacturing in design process
Breaks down barriers between functions and departments
Provides documentation of design process