2. Rudolph Dreikurs 1897-1972 1897-1972

3. Rudolph Dreikurs Concepts of Classroom Management I. Background II. Democratic Teaching III. Mistaken Goals IV. Logical Consequences V. Encouragement

4. Dreikurs: Background Information Born in Vienna, Austria in 1897 Born in Vienna, Austria in 1897 Emigrated to U.S. in 1937 Emigrated to U.S. in 1937 Became director of Alfred Adler Institute in Chicago Became director of Alfred Adler Institute in Chicago Founder & medical director of Community Child Guidance Center of Chicago Founder & medical director of Community Child Guidance Center of Chicago

5. Fundamentals of Adlerian Psychology Establishing connection to self and community Creating unique long term goals All behavior has social meaning and purpose Social interpretation of defense mechanisms

6. Democratic Teaching What is Democratic Teaching? Characteristics Autocrat vs. Democrat

7. What is Democratic Teaching? Democratic teaching is a teaching style where: –The teacher acts as a responsible guide –The teacher believes quiet action is more effective than words –The teacher’s way of disciplining is based on mutual respect

8. Characteristics Friendly but firm Work is well planned Respect by listening Always encouraging Encourages group work Involve students in classroom responsibilities Sincere but have a natural sense of humor

9. Democrat Vs. Autocrat Democrat –Leader –Invitation –Influence –Sell Ideas –Encouragement –Team –Autocrat Boss Command Power Impose Ideas Criticism One person

10. 4 Mistaken Goals Attention Getting Power Seeking Revenge Feelings of Inadequacy

11. Attention Getting Student Feels Insignificant Misbehaves for Attention Teacher’s Emotion = Annoyed

12. Power Seeking Student Feels Powerless Defies the Teacher Teacher’s Emotion = Threatened

13. Revenge Student Feels Wrongly Disciplined or Embarrassed Becomes Outwardly Hostile May Intentionally Hurt Others Teacher’s Emotion = Hurt

14. Feelings of Inadequacy Student Feels Hopeless and Inferior Gives Up and Avoids Others Teacher’s Emotion = Discouraged

15. Logical Consequences Key Tenet: Children should be given a choice rather than forced to behave as directed. Logical consequences must be explained, understood, and agreed upon by the students. Logical consequences are contrived and then applied as necessary to influence students’ behavior.

16. Logical Consequences ≠ Punishment

17. Logical Consequences ≠ Natural Consequences

18. Encouragement Encouragement boosts self-esteem and confidence Express faith, promote “security” High expectations enhance encouragement

19. Encouragement more than praise Encouragement more than praise Praise You are always on time. I'm so proud of your artwork. You are the best helper I ever had. Encouragement You sure make an effort to be on time. It is nice to see that you enjoy art. The room looks very neat since you straightened the bookshelves.   Praise can become source of self-worth   Use encouragement to recognize effort, rather than praise to reward accomplishment.

20. Methods of Encouragement Show faith in the child  Teacher’s faith will promote child’s faith in self Create self-confidence, build self-respect  Challenging tasks: “I know you can do it” Utilize and integrate the group  Address individual differences to find place for each child in group Recognize strengths and assets  Avoid focusing on mistakes, seek out strengths to build relationship

21. Advantages Promotes trust, respect, and communication among teachers and students Promotes trust, respect, and communication among teachers and students Fair discipline through logical consequences helps students understand their behavior and teaches correct behavior Fair discipline through logical consequences helps students understand their behavior and teaches correct behavior Understanding student behavior contributes to safer schools and a caring classroom environment Understanding student behavior contributes to safer schools and a caring classroom environment Promotes autonomy Promotes autonomy

22. Disadvantages  Difficulty determining motives of students  Difficult to come up with logical consequences on the spot  Autocratic or permissive teachers may not accept democratic perspectives  Students may not understand goals and rules as the teacher does  Problems communicating desired outcomes with students

23. Bibliography 1. Alfred Adler Institute of San Francisco. Basic Principles of Classical Adlerian Psychology. Retrieved on Jan 22, 2004 from 1. Alfred Adler Institute of San Francisco. Basic Principles of Classical Adlerian Psychology. Retrieved on Jan 22, 2004 from 2. Carson, R. N. 1996. Reaction to Presidential Address of Ronald Butchart. American Educational Studies, 27:207-216. 3. Dinkmeyer, D. and Dreikurs, R. 1963. Encouraging children to learn: the encouragement process. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall. 4. Dreikurs, R. 1957. Psychology in the classroom: a manual for teachers. New York, NY. Harper & Row. 5. Dreikurs, R. and Cassel, P. 1972. Discipline without tears. New York, NY. Hawthorn Books. 6. Dreikurs, R., Grunwald, B. B. and Pepper, F. C. 1971. Maintaining sanity in the classroom. New York, NY. Harper & Row. Retrieved on Jan 24, 2004 from 6. Dreikurs, R., Grunwald, B. B. and Pepper, F. C. 1971. Maintaining sanity in the classroom. New York, NY. Harper & Row. Retrieved on Jan 24, 2004 from 7. Edwards, C. H. 1993. Classroom Discipline and Management. New York, NY. Macmillan. 8. Jones, V. F. 1995. Comprehensive Classroom Management. Boston, MA. Allyn & Bacon. 9. Manning, M. L. and Bucher, K. T. 2003. Classroom management: models, applications, and cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall. 10. Wolfgang, C. H. 1986. Solving Discipline Problems. Boston, MA. Allyn & Bacon.