1. The Brainy and the Beast

3. How do we Study the Brain? Phineas Gage Tamping iron through the brain

4. PET scans Positron Emission Tomography Radioactive substance given to patient

5. fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Uses blood oxygen levels No injections

6. AMEN Clinics

7. Different parts of the brain have different functions. Broca’s Area- speech and language Wernicke’s Area- language Comprehension Hippocampus - memory

8. Criminal Minds Do they think differently? Id, ego, superego

9. Cerebrum – START NOTES The “higher” brain Conscious thought, memory, learning Personality to some extent

10. Thalamus Relay Station- sensory impulses go up and motor impulses go down Deep pain, temperature, touch

11. Hypothalamus Cardiovascular regulation Body-temperature regulation Regulation of water and electrolyte balance Regulation of hunger and GI activity Regulation of sleeping and waking Sexual Response Emotions Endocrine functions

13. Midbrain Connection for motor pathways Corpora Quadrigemina- reflex centers involving vision and hearing

15. Pons Connects the CNS. White matter, sends messages

16. Medulla Oblongata Visceral Reflexes- heart rate, blood pressure and breathing Pyramids- where crossover happens

17. Brain Stem Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata Intoxication Brain Dead

18. Cerebellum Coordination of motor activities Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

19. Divisions of the Cerebrum Right and Left hemispheres (longitudinal fissure) Frontal lobe- personality Parietal lobe- sensory Occipital lobe- vision Temporal lobe-speech and language

20. Gray Matter Clusters of cell bodies, enable them to talk to each other and make decisions Many cell bodies and synapses to integrate info.

21. White Matter (deep inside) Has myelinated fibers to transfer information quickly Connects both hemispheres- Corpus callosum

22. Protective Coverings END NOTES SKIN Perisiosteum Brain has flat bones for protection The meninges – system of membranes protecting the CNS

23. In mammals there are 3 layers of meninges (out to in): –the dura mater = thick durable membranedura mater –the arachnoid mater = spider web appearancearachnoid mater –the pia mater = thin membrane pierced by blood vessels…nourish the brain.pia mater

24. Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) Formed in the ventricles of the brain Blood plasma is filtered through capillaries

25. How is CSF different from Blood? Blood cells, bacteria and proteins are removed CSF is mainly water, glucose and oxygen Blood-brain barrier- no blood in the brain

26. Movement of CSF Passes 3 rd and 4 th ventricle and enters the central canal as well as the subarachnoid space. Absorbed by the arachnoid villi at the top of the head.

27. Accumulation of Fluids Severe head injury- ruptured vessels Change in CSF production and re- absorption Hydrocephalus “water on the brain”

28. You make the Diagnosis! You see a patient with the following symptoms: Cannot sit up straight Can’t pick small items up Has difficulty standing on one foot

29. What Area Am I? The patient has the following symptoms: Cannot remember a phone number Change in personality

30. What Area Am I? The patient has the following symptoms: Cries for no reason Constantly runs a low grade fever Has trouble sleeping Excessive urination

31. What Area Am I? The patient has the following symptoms: Can’t breathe on their own Low blood pressure