1. Essential Questions What is the definition of matter?
Differentiate between physical and chemical properties.
Illustrate the states of matter
Know the changes of states of matter
What are the signs that tell you that a chemical reaction might be taking place?

2. Classification of Matter
Does it Matter?
What’s the Matter?

3. So, What is Matter ? Matter is defined as anything that has :
Mass (inertia
a resistance to change in movement)
Takes up space (volume)

4. Physical Property
Any quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substances identity.
Examples: color, solubility, odor, hardness, melting point, and state

5. Physical States of Matter There’s 4 of them !
SOLIDS
Have definite (or fixed) shape and volume
The particles in a solid are held fairly rigidly in place.

6. Physical States of Matter There’s 4 of them !
LIQUIDS
Have a definite volume but no fixed shape.
The particles in a liquid are free to flow around each other

7. Physical States of Matter There’s 4 of them !
GASES
Have neither definite or fixed shape or volume.
The particles in a gas are: widely disbursed,
interact weakly,
move independently at high speed,
and completely fill any container they occupy.

8. 4th Type of Matter PLASMA
Gases whose particles are so hot they have acquired an electrical charge.

9. Changes of State

10. Physical Changes in Matter
Includes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another)
change in a substance that doesn’t change the identity of the substance
Ex. grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

11. Chemical Changes in Matter
a change in which a substance is converted into a different substance
same as chemical reaction
doesn’t change the amount of matter present
reactants – substances that react
products – substances that form

12. Signs of Chemical Change
Energy is always absorbed or given off
Change in color or odor
Production of a gas
Irreversibility

13. Chemical or Physical? Cookies are baked Water boils
Salt dissolves in water
Milk spoils
A metal chair rusts
Paper is torn
A tree burns down

14. Law of Conservation of Mass
In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is conserved.

15. Law of Conservation of Mass
From the law of conservation of mass:
Total mass of substances before reaction
= Total mass of substance after reaction
Can you find the amount of oxygen that reacts?
Mercury + oxygen red-orange residue
2.53g g

16. EQ’s  How is matter classified? What are pure substances?
What are mixtures?
What are homogeneous mixtures?
What are heterogeneous mixtures?

17. Can it be physically separated?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
Colloids
Suspensions

18. Pure Substances every sample has same: are made of:
characteristic properties
composition
are made of:
one type of atom: element
Ex: iron, gold, oxygen
2 or more types of atoms: compound
Ex: salt, sugar, water

19. Which are pure substances?
Answers: b & c

20. Mixtures blend of 2 or more types of matter
each component keeps its own identity and properties
the components are only physically mixed
can be separated using physical means
properties of the mixture are a combination of the componenent’s properties

21. Homogeneous Mixtures also called solution uniform in composition
no visible parts
Ex:
vinegar
clear air
salt water
brass

22. Mixtures

23. Heterogeneous Mixtures
not uniform in composition
visible parts
Ex:
soil
concrete
blood
chocolate chip cookies
sand in water
iced tea with ice

24. Substance or Mixture? A homogeneous mixture looks like a substance
Is the material in question always a single kind of material? For instance, there are different grades of gasoline and different kinds of cough syrup
Is the material in question physically separable?

25. EQ’s
What are five physical separation techniques?

26. Physical Separation Techniques
Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper
Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

27. Physical Separation Techniques
Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom
Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate

28. Physical Separation Techniques
Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other

29. Classify the following as a substance or a mixture
Silver
Alphabet soup
Salt water
Table salt (sodium chloride)
Motor oil

31. Practice Determine whether each of the following is element, compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.
air
zinc
chlorine
granite
aluminum
sugar in water
blood
sucrose
stainless steel
sodium chloride
brass
whole milk
apple
table salt
soft drinks
vinegar
concrete
sodium
baking soda (NaHCO3)
gravel

32. How do you separate different substances from a mixture?
You have just been given the latest creation of your science teacher. The teacher presents you with a mixture of sawdust, iron filings, salt, and sand. He needs to separate the mixture and wants your help. You are to separate the mixture and find the total mass of each of the substances in the mixture!
You are to describe your proposed separation plan. Present your plan to your teacher for approval.
You will then conduct the experiment and separate the mixture
Upon completion of the experiment each member of the group will submit a final paper

33. The Final Paper Must Include the Following:
*Introduction: Define a mixture and properties of the ingredients in this mixture
*Materials: List of lab equipment used
*Procedures: Numbered step by step procedures to took to separate the mixture
*Results: Mass of each substance
*Conclusion: A description of problems you encountered while conducting the lab
Ideas as to how you could improve your methods to better separate each ingredient.