1. Classification of Matter
Chapter 17
Classification of Matter

2. Section 1:
Composition of Matter

3. What you will learn……. How to define substances and mixtures
How to identify elements and compounds
How to compare and contrast solutions, colloids and suspensions.
This is important because you can form a better picture of your world when you understand the concepts of elements and compounds.

4. Teks Objective
IPC (7) The student knows relationships exist between properties of matter and its components. The student is expected to:
7e:classify samples of matter from everyday life as being elements, compounds, or mixtures.

5. REMEMBER….. Matter Matter- anything that takes up space and has mass.
Pure Substances
Mixtures

6. What are pure substances?
have a definite composition
can be elements or compounds.
Matter
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds

7. Pure Substance: ELEMENTS
Are pure substances which CAN NOT be broken down through physical or chemical means.
Composed of only one kind of atom- all atoms are the same.
You can find all the known elements on the Periodic Table of Elements.

8. Pure Substance: ELEMENTS
Examples of Elements:
gold, silver, carbon, and hydrogen
GOLD- Au
SILVER- Ag
ALL ATOMS ARE THE SAME!!!

9. Pure Substances: COMPOUNDS
A compound is a pure substance composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in definite proportions.
Compounds DO NOT look or act like the elements that make them up.
SALT- Sodium Chloride: (NaCl)
Chlorine (Cl)- Green Gas
Sodium (Na)- Metal
WATER- H2O

10. Question?
How are elements and compounds related?

11. Answer…….
Compound contains 2 or more different elements

12. What are mixtures? Matter MIXTURES
composed of 2 or more different substances that can be separated through physical means
can be homogeneous or heterogeneous
Matter
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

13. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES The composition is the same throughout
Homogeneous mixtures are solutions, so the particles are so small that they CAN NOT be seen through a microscope
Light passes through undisturbed
Examples: coke, alcohol, iron, pure air, vinegar
Vinegar
Coke

14. Question
What type of mixture is a solution?

15. Answer……
A homogeneous mixture

16. HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES
Matter
The composition is NOT the same throughout
Examples: salad, soil, gelatin
Components can be observed.
Can be classified as colloids or suspensions
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Solutions
Colloids, Suspensions

17. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES: COLLOIDS
Particles are not large enough to settle.
Can be identified by using the Tyndall Effect
Shampoo
Gelatin

18. Tyndall Effect- Detecting Colloids
Scattering of light beam as it passes through a colloid.

19. Tyndall Effect- Detecting Colloids
The light from the headlights is scattered by fog.
The same colloid allows you to see the sunlight as it streams through the trees.

20. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES: SUSPENSIONS
A liquid in which visible particles SETTLE.
Muddy Water - Some mud particles will fall to the bottom and the water clears.
Orange Juice - Has to be shaken before drinking because

21. SUMMARY Matter Mixtures Pure Substances Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Elements
Compounds
Solutions
Colloids, Suspensions

22. Section 2:
Properties of Matter

23. Section 2: Properties of Matter
Teks 8A: distinguish between physical and chemical changes
8C : investigate and identify the law of conservation of mass

24. You will learn……. How to identify substances using physical properties
How to compare and contrast physical and chemical change
How to determine how the law of conservation of mass applies to chemical changes
This is important because understanding the chemical and physical properties can help you use materials properly.

25. Physical Properties
Characteristics which can be observed without changing the chemical composition of the substance

26. Example - Physical Properties
Appearance
Size
Texture
Shape
Color
State of matter

27. Example - Physical Properties
Behavior
magnetic
can be drawn out into wires (copper)
pounded into sheets (gold)
ability to flow
Smell (odor)
density
melting point, boiling point, freezing point

28. Physical Change
Change the appearance or state of a substance but NOT it's chemical make-up
The identity remains the same
Examples: evaporation of water, melting of wax, dissolving of salt in water, breaking of glass

29. Question?
Does a change in state mean that a new substance has formed? Explain

30. Answer……
No the identity of the element or compound remains the same

31. Chemical Properties
Are characteristics which depend upon the reaction with other materials.
Examples: flammability, ability to rust, ability to react with water

32. Chemical Changes
Produce new substances that differ in appearance and make-up from the original substance
A change of one substance to another is a chemical change
Examples: burning, rusting , combustion, rotting, digestion
Rusting
Burning
Combustion

33. INDICATIONS THAT A CHEMICAL CHANGE MAY HAVE OCCURRED.
-production of a gas
-permanent color change
-formation of bubbles or solids in a liquid
-production of heat and light
Color Change
Gas
Precipitate

34. Weathering of Rocks by water
Physical or Chemical?

35. Answer……
Weathering can involve both physical and chemical change!

36. Question
What is a chemical change?

37. Answer……..
A change of one substance to another

38. THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.
Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical or physical change.
Example- If you burn a log, the ashes in the fireplace will be the same mass as the log

39. Video Time

43. CREDITS
maxres.cgworks.com/gallery/ random/milk.jpg
brass.jpg
colloida2.htm
nw-nw/31482.html
Exhibition/
folding.stanford.edu/ education/water.htm
chemistry.htmlJanuary 20, 2003