1. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 1 ITS Karlsruhe - IR extinction for fuel spray experiments / LowNox III D 32 =32  m T d,0 =323K T  = 400K u ax =23m/s AFR=100 generic premix duct Results of ITS EPOS/Ladrop Code « CFD Validation »

2. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 2 DLR - LDA and CARS for RQL combustor analysis / LowNox III LDA

3. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 3 DLR - PDA and LDA for spray dispersion / LowNox III Figure 2. Radial profiles of axial and tangential air velocity and of turbulent kinetic energy (LDA)  x=x 1  x=x 2 filled symbols: wake open symbols: passage Figure 1. Schematic of test section (not to scale). White arrow indicates position and orientation of fuel nozzle.

4. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 4 ENSMA - LIF and LDV measurements / LOWNOXIII « THALIE rig » Hot burned gases RIG ALSO used in LOPOCOTEP realistic experimental conditions and large variation range stability, reliability and reproducibility of the experiments (PID controllers) wide range of metrology used computer monitored accuracy of measurements

5. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 5 Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence  t = 10 ns Average image 241 inst. - acetone (280 nm) - ENSMA - Optical measurements / LOWNOXIII « THALIE rig »

6. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 6 Cranfield - 1 bar optical spray rig / ICLEAC Possible upgrade to 3 bar in Icleac

7. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 7 Cranfield - Measurement techniques for instabilitites / ICLEAC Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) - point measurement of dropsize distribution and velocity distribution -time resolved - can be used to deduce the airvelocity with fuel present Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) - imaging / point methods for measuring air velocity - time resolved measurements and phase lock averaging possible Laser Sheet Drop sizing, LIF imaging and Mie imaging - produce calibrated images of fuel concentration and SMD - imaging method - ie data acquired simultaneously at 10 points in a plane - take images at a number of different phases in the acoustic cycle and show the cyclic behaviour - phase-lock averaging : take e.g. 100 images at the same phase in consecutive cycles and average to reduce statistical fluctuations and random errors Laser Light sheet illuminates a plane Spray Intensified CCD camera

8. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 8 100 individual images are averaged to give a mean image (statistical fluctuations removed) Individual images (pixels intensity represented on a false colour scale) LIF : Camera is filtered to see only fluorescence from dyed fuel; local intensity is proportional to local fuel concentration Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC

9. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 9 100 individual images are averaged to give a mean image (statistical fluctuations removed) Individual images (pixels intensity represented on a false colour scale) Mie : Camera is filtered to see only Mie Scattered light (droplet surface reflected) Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC

10. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 10 LSD : dropsize map (Laser Sheet Dropsizing) = mean LIF image divided by mean Mie image ; local intensity proportional to Sauter Mean Diameter Cranfield - LIF & Mie Scattering on fuel jet / ICLEAC

11. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 11 Onera - Laser based methods / VATELEC « Non intrusive measurements in LPP combustors and cooling devices » See Vatelec slides attached

12. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 12 Cluster Low Emission Cpmbustor Technology « SYNERGY BETWEEN PROGRAMMES FOR MEASUREMENTS PS : MATRIX TO BE COMPLETED and VALIDATED !

13. AERONET 2 - workshop “Measurement Technology” - cluster LECT Vienne 19/20 Sept. 2001 - Technical Univ. O. Penanhoat - Snecma Page 13 Cluster Low Emission Cpmbustor Technology CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES Effort to improve measurement techniques and definition of rigorous procedures. Platform with instrumentation dedicated to a real combustor. Need of a better evaluation of radiative fluxes for thermal balances Strong need to apply non intrusive measurements inside real combustors to measure temperature fields, drop size distribution, Nox field, soots field …(to be completed) => Better physical comprehension and CFD validation => Greater ability to design low emission combustors what are the most promising methods for this objective : CARS ?...