1. © SSHA Seminar on Current Challenges Facing Hydropower Development in Europe: Reserved flow, River Basin Management Plans & Certification for Hydro Brussels, 1-2 October 2009 Reserved flow & producers’ point of view Slovenian Small Hydropower Association Marko Gospodjinački, president member

2. AQuote Let’s not be blinded by abundance. Instead, be wise to use those natural resources that are not harmful to the World to extent that covers our needs. © SSHA

4. Environment Stressed Damaged Overpopulated Protected? Actions Individual System © SSHA

5. Baseload l/s = kWh Electricity importance Qres values Define- Respect Fishery Migration, Protection Public Interest Ecological status Before-After Energy value Open market Other interests Drinking water Irrigation Recreational Multilayered Interests Environme ntal value kWh = GHG © SSHA

6. Present solutions © SSHA

7. Wide low slope river (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different methods)

8. Small alpine torrent (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different methods) Source: TNSHP

9. © SSHA

10. Catchment Area Group of ecological type < 10 km 2 10-100 km 2 100-1.000 km 2 1.000-2.500 km 2 in MQ (1) < 50 m 3 > 2.500 km 2 or MQ (1) > 50 m 3 Punctual diversion 1 (2) 0,8 0,60,5 2 (2) 0,80,60,5 30,60,50,4 4 Short diversion or long diversion in dry period 1 (2) 1,6 1,21,0 2 (2) 1,61,21,0 31,21,00,8 4 Long diversion in wet period 1 (2) 3,2 2,42,0 2 (2) 3,22,42,0 32,42,01,6 4 Proposal of Slovenian Ministry of Environment Qres = f * MNQ © SSHA

11. QQuotes : WWe don’t need small hydropower plants WWe don’t need small hydropower plants SHP are destroying the rivers (valleys) SHP are destroying the rivers (valleys) TThe energy production is negligable for the negative environmental impact TThe energy production is negligable for the negative environmental impact... and similar... and similar ((WHY) DDO WE NEED ((SMALL) HYDROPOWER PLANTS? © SSHA

12. 70 % loss of energy 8 % loss of energy © SSHA

13. WHY Small Hydropower? Clean energy production Clean energy production Decentralised energy production Decentralised energy production (meeting local demands, lowering losses in transmission, ensuring autonomy) Energy production diversificaton No GHG emissions Grid stability Local Economic development Creating jobs Maintenance of river basins Maintenance of river basins (floating waste, hydrological monitoring,...) High energy payback ratio High energy payback ratio © SSHA

14. 50 Hz (49...51) © SSHA

18. Importance of production availability (the science behind) The problem of primary and secondary frequency regulation of a multi- machine power system is analyzed with a Liapunov function method based on a quadratic performance index. The main purpose is to determine the best set of parameters of primary and secondary regulation according to an optimization criterion. The objective consists of achieving a settling time as short as possible which is relevant in a longitudinal system, whose structure includes long transmission lines with a reduced number of loops. Frequency and turbine valve positions are used as state variables, and optimal control parameters for primary and secondary regulation are used as control variables. Performance index behavior under different frequency control schemes is then used to determine the optimal values to set the droops and gains of primary and secondary regulation. Tests for different disturbance locations and selection of regulating units are simulated on a model of the Chilean Central Interconnected System (CIS). It is shown that significant improvements can be achieved with the proposed method. © SSHA

20. Pumped Storage Hydro

21. Policy © SSHA RES-E production is of national (global) importance... So is the environmental protection GHG Impact Consumption To support and develop SHP is a system decission, therefore to act against this development is against the common interests. Positive environmental footprint Criteria Science Economy Limitations Energy loss vs Min biocenosis requirements Policy

22. Zveza društev MHE Slovenije Slovenian Small Hydropower Association Thank you for your attention!