1. Visual Training & Sketching (EAGD2101) University of Palestine College of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning Department of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning

2.  Overview  The lecture: Primary elements  1. Point  2. Line  3. Plane  4. Volume

3. Primary Elements:  Point  Line  Plane  Volume 1D 2D 3D

4. Point  A dot on a surface  It has no length, width.  It is static, centralized, and stable…

5.  Point can serve to mark: Two ends, intersection, line meetings at corners.  It create visual tension with its field.

6. Point in architecture  Column  Obelisk  Tower  It is the top plan of any vertical linear element such as:

7. Point

9. Plan of apartments Marina City

11. Two points describe a line that connects them.

15. Built as point

16. is a point extended in the space in one direction. with properties of : length, direction and position, but no width.

17.  Join, link, support, surround, or intersect other visual elements.  Describe the edges of and give shape to planes.  Articulate the surfaces of planes A line is an important element. It can serve to:

18. Types of line: o Vertical lines o Horizontal lines o Curved lines o Oblique lines Visual construction:

22. Horizontal Lines suggests a feeling of rest. Objects parallel to the earth are at rest in relation to gravity Compositions in which horizontal lines dominate tend to be quiet and restful in feeling

23. Vertical Lines Vertical lines communicate a feeling of loftiness and spirituality They seem to extend upwards beyond human reach, toward the sky

24. Horizontal and Vertical Lines Horizontal and vertical lines in combination communicate stability and solidity Rectilinear forms stay put in relation to gravity, and are not likely to tip over This stability suggests stability, reliability and safety.

27. suggest a feeling of movement or direction unstable in relation to gravity, being neither vertical nor horizontal, they are either about to fall, or are already in motion If a feeling of movement or speed is desired, or a feeling of activity, diagonal lines can be used The oblique lines

28. Curved Lines Soft, shallow curves suggest comfort, safety, familiarity, relaxation Have a pleasing, sensual, gentle quality

31. 3. Plane line extended in a direction Two dimensional (has width and height but no depth) Can also create the illusion of three dimension objects

33. Plane… Shapes is a plane`s primary identifying characteristic. The surface properties of a plane, its color and texture, will affect its visual weight and stability. Planes in architecture define three-dimensional volumes of form and space. The generic types of planes: 1. The overhead plane. 2. The wall plane. 3. The base plane.

34. Each wall in red colour represents a plane.

36. 4-Volume A plane extended in a direction. It has three-dimensions, length, width, and depth. Volume can be: 1. solid, ” mass ” sculpture 2. void, “ space ” room 3. enclosed “ plane ” courtyard