2. Yu. Bunkov E. Collin J. Elbs H. Godfrin The status of new Dark Matter project ULTIMA Yuriy M. Bunkov C R T B T – C N R S, Grenoble, France Cosmology in the mirror of superfluid 3 He

3. S=1 L=1 Superfluid 3He at very low temperatures 1.The best condensed matter model system for studding quantum field theories 18D order parameter 2. The sensitive detector for Dark Matter searching Extremely small heat capacity at 100  K  -p F pFpF E kBTkBT 3 He 2mK Quantum vacuum!

4. Self-calibration of 3 He bolometer B I e i  t Lorentz force V e i  t V(µV) f (Hz) Induced voltage Width W(T) measures damping by quasiparticles H  1/W

5. Self-calibration of 3 He bolometer Records @ ≈ 100 µK, 0 bar, 100 mT During 10h-20h B Heater Thermo. Heater Calibration factor  W =  E

6. Superfluid 3 He bolometry Detector

7. 16% n + 3 He = p + 3 H + 764 keV C. Bäuerle, Yu.M. Bunkov, S.N. Fisher, H. Godfrin, G.R. Pickett. ``Laboratory Simulation of Cosmic String Formation in the Early Universe Using Superfluid 3He'‘ Nature, V. 382, p. 332 July, 25, 1996 8% Quenching factor 8% Vortex formation (in good agreement with Kibble-Zurek scenario

8. 18 D manifold B Bunkov modification of Kibble-Zurek theory 3 He-B Contact of different states and inflation Yu.M. Bunkov, O.D. Timofeevskaya ``"Cosmological" scenario for A-B phase transition in superfluid 3He.'‘ Phys. Rev. Lett, v. 80, p. 4927 (1998).

9. G. Volovik Fine tuning NOT needed!

10. G. Volovik

11. Q-ball - Spherically symmetric non-topological soliton with conserved global charge Q Current interest due to Q-balls dark matter model E(mQ)  <  E(Q) m In relativistic field theory  (r t)  exp(- i  t)  (r) Q = d 3 x[i(  d t  d t  ] E  d 3 x[ I  I 2   I  I 2  U(I  I)]  Q (r) = S - S z (r) dEd dS z =   =  H dd (S,L) S + (r) = S (r) e i  t In 3 He-B Q ball creates Persistent signal of NMR in 3 He Yu.M. Bunkov “Persistent Signal; Coherent NMR state Trapped by Orbital Texture” J. Low Temp. Phys, 138, 753 (2005)

12. Position, 0.1 mm Angles of deflection, degree

13. Position, 0.1 mm Angles of deflection, degree

14. Brain Physics in superfluid 3 He A phase B phase Helsinki experiments

15. At about 100  K at 0.1 cm3 remains only 10 keV from the level of absolute zero of temperature. At about 100  K at 0.1 cm3 remains only 10 keV from the level of absolute zero of temperature. Temperature is the density of quasiparticles, that measured directly by damping of vibrating wire. The deposited energy is intimately associated with the 3He nuclear. There is no isolated nuclear thermal bath, separated from electronic and phononic subsystems! 3He as a dark matter detector First suggestions G.R.Pickett in Proc. «Second european worshop on neutrinos and dark matters detectors», ed by L.Gonzales-Mestres and D.Perret-Gallix, Frontiers, 1988, p. 377. Yu.Bunkov, S.Fisher, H.Godfrin, A.Guenault, G.Pickett. in Proc. « International Workshop Superconductivity and Particles Detection (Toledo, 1994)», ed. by T.Girard, A.Morales and G.Waysand. World Scientific, p. 21-26.

16. 4. He is the only substance, which remains liquid at Ultra Low Temperatures. The external particles are collide with only single nuclear. There is not effect of "solid body" collision. 5 The nuclear momentum of 3 He makes the non-symmetric channel of interaction visible for dark matter. There is one non paired neutron for 3 nuclons! 6. The neutron capture reaction shows the clear signature of neutrons! 7 The absence of free electrons makes 3 He relatively insensitive to electromagnetic and gamma radiation background. 8. A the lowest temperatures superfluid 3 He is absolutely quantum pure matter. 9. Since the 3 He pairs have a nuclear magnetic momentum but no electric charge, the superfluid 3 He is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, allowing to employ a very informative NMR methods. NMR can establish magnetically excited quantum state. The latter can be considered rather as metastable state, where instability can be triggered by a small deposit of energy. This variant of particle detector can be tested in future. The small heat capacity, the absolute purity, the liquid state and the relative transparency to gamma radiation background make superfluid 3 He a very sensitive nuclear collision detector.

17. Experiment Geant4 simulation Muon histogram: quenching factor ≈ 25 %

18. cell A (without source) cell B (with source) S/B>5 Analysis LPSC, d5 Low energy electrons Quenching factor = 26% resolution of low energy emission spectrum of 57 Co Comparison to 14 keV peak with bolometric calibration  Energy deficit of f UV (e -,14keV)≈265%

19. ~ 8 keV 0100200300 Threshold ~ 1 keV

21. Spin dependent interaction P P N Huge density of non-paired neutrons 3 He

22. ULT IM A Ultra Low Temperature Instrumentation for Measurements in Astrophysics ULTIMA (2006-2008) Stage 1: New refrigerator for cooling 100g of He to 100  K Going to underground site. Develop the Ionization channel. Try to use NMR for thermometry. Goal: Try to found axial interacted Dark matter. 3 Stage 2: Detector with 1 kg of 3 He for ultimate search of dark matter (2008-??) Collaboration: CRTBT – CNRS, Grenoble, France LPNC – CNRS, Grenoble, France Kyoto University, Japan University Fourie, Grenoble, France Helsinki Technological University, Finland Centre “Cosmion”, Moscow, Russia