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Clouds Objective: To be able to recognise and name different types of cloud.

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Presentation on theme: "Clouds Objective: To be able to recognise and name different types of cloud."— Presentation transcript:

1 Clouds Objective: To be able to recognise and name different types of cloud.

2 Why do clouds form? Clouds form when air cools to dew point and vapour condenses into water droplets or ice crystals. General classification was proposed by Luke Howard in 1803.

3 Luke Howard’s Four Cloud Types: Cumulus Stratus Cirrus Nimbus

4 Howard used 4 Latin words: – Cirrus (meaning lock of curly hair) – Cumulus (meaning pile or heap) – Stratus (meaning layer) – Nimbus (meaning rain bearing)

5 He also compiled composite names and added the prefix ‘alto’ for mid-level clouds:

6 Precipitation Objectives: 1.To understand how precipitation is formed. 2.To describe three types of rain – frontal, orographic and convectional.

7 What are the six types of precipitation? Rain need to define each Drizzle Snow Sleet Hail Dew

8 Condensation produces minute water droplets, less than 0.5mm in diameter (or ice crystals if temperature is below freezing). They are so small they are kept buoyant by the rising air that creates them. So, although condensation produces clouds, clouds do not always mean precipitation.

9 But… These water droplets (or ice crystals) become large enough to overcome the lifting mechanism and fall to the floor. There are two theories…

10 1. Bergeron-Findeisen Mechanism Through adiabatic cooling of air as it rises the upper parts of clouds are below freezing point. Even at the equator upper cloud may be as cold as -65°C. Freezing nuclei (salt and fine soil particles) attract super-cooled water droplets and increase in mass. At critical mass they fall towards the surface, either melting or remaining frozen.

11 2. Collision & Coalescence Process Water droplets are constantly moving within a cloud. They collide, fuse and increase in mass until they reach critical mass and fall.

12 Marketplace Design a poster to teach others about one type of rainfall: 1.Frontal 2.Orographic 3.Convectional Sources of information: – Essential AS Geography p200-201 – Advanced Geography p158 – Waugh p219-220 – Geog.2 p27

13 Exam Question Explain how clouds are formed. Why do only some clouds produce rainfall? (10 marks)

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