1. Native Texans: Chapter 2

2.  First people arrived to North America at least 30,000 year ago during the Ice Age  People believed to have cross the land bridge known as Beringia (current day Bering Straight between Arctic and Pacific Ocean.  Columbus landed in the Caribbean in 1492 assuming that he had reached islands off the coast of India, thus naming the native peoples “Indians”  Descendants of Prehistoric peoples spread out across the Americas creating 100’s of different groups or tribes.  Many Native Texan groups are descendants or Prehistoric People.

3. 1. Artifacts- remains of items or objects from the past 2. Archeologists- scientist who study and learn about past cultures from artifacts they find 3. Pictographs and Petroglyphs- Drawings or paintings in caves & carvings on rocks

4. Location:  High Plains of Texas Panhandle  Edwards Plateau Tools  Spears tipped with Flint Stone  Built corrals to trap bison Food  Game- Bison, buffalo, Dried Meat, Animal Fat, Berries, Pemmican Way of Life  Lived in small bands  Hunter Gatherers  Traveled on Foot

5. Location:  East Texas  North of Mexico Food  Fish, Wild Plants, Trapped Small Animals, Buffalo Tools  Atlatl- hand held spear thrower. 2 ft long with a wooden hook.  Flint Knives, scrapers and awls, grind stones, woven baskets Way of Life  Smaller bands, lived in villages  Formed larger bands during growing seasons  Planters/Hunters-Gatherers

6. Location:  East Texas  Far West Texas  Panhandle & Central Texas Food  Self Grown Plants  Game- Buffalo Tools  Bow and Arrow  Pottery and Clay Pots Way of Life  Permanent villages  Had societies and religions  Traveled by foot  Planters/Hunters-Gatherers