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Published byPaul Hudson Modified over 9 years ago
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EQ: How was China affected by European contact? Key Terms: Kowtowing, Anglo-Chinese War, Treaty of Nanking, extraterritoriality, Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Open Door Policy
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China’s View of Foreigners Manchus (aka the Qing dynasty) restricted European contact b/c they did not like their foreign culture, esp. Christianity Europeans allowed to trade only under government supervision ◦ Chinese thought European goods were inferior ◦ would only accept gold for trade
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Foreigners were allowed in only three ports in China, & then only after offering gifts and kowtowing— kneeling before the emperor and bowing low 9 times with head to ground
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Britain opens trade in China find a product that Chinese are willing to trade... ◦ opium highly addictive, used as painkiller Manchu govt. restricted amount that could be sold, but British start bribing officials to smuggle in large amounts
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Anglo-Chinese Wars, 1839-1842 AKA The Opium Wars Started when Manchu govt. seized 400 chests of opium, worth millions of dollars, dumped them into harbor Britain declared war on China British win b/c advanced weaponry, esp. navy
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Treaty of Nanking (aka the Unequal Treaty) 1. China forced to buy 30,000 chests opium/yr (# increased to 100,000); prices ↓ and consumption ↑ 2. China had to pay $21 million in reparations 3. China had to open more ports for trade 4. Britain gained extraterritoriality—a country’s laws apply in a foreign land (British laws in China) 5. Britain forced 5% tax on goods imported from another country, forcing China to trade more w/ Britain
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Reaction to Foreign Invasion Once Britain opened up trade in China and became more dominate, other European countries followed Rebellions broke out in response to European invasion
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Taiping Rebellion Led by Hung Hsui Chuan, a Christian convert Chuan’s followers called Taiping, started reform movement, with the goals to: ◦ eliminate footbinding, opium sale, outlaw prostitution, alcohol, tobacco, gambling, and redistribute land to peasants
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The Taiping set up a rival govt. Civil war broke out, 1850-1864, during which fifty million died Manchus got help from the British, since the government was against land redistribution British agreed to help b/c if Taiping won, they would lose lucrative opium trade
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Boxer Rebellion, 1899-1901 Righteous Fists of Harmony—secret society with goal to expel “foreign devils” from China AKA Boxers b/c ritual dance looked like shadow boxing Rebelled, attacking missionaries in countryside, then began attacking larger cities Manchu govt. did not stop them, wanted them to succeed in driving out Europeans
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“The Boxers and Their Mission” http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalVie wVideo.aspx?xtid=42712# http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalVie wVideo.aspx?xtid=42712#
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European countries sent in troops, stopped the rebellion and divided up capital, occupying certain areas Boxers were arrested and executed
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China was about to be broken up & colonized by Europe Open Door Policy kept China from being taken over ◦ any nation was free to trade at any Chinese port
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