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Table of Contents Properties of Carbon Carbon Compounds
Life With Carbon
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Carbon Atoms and Bonding
- Properties of Carbon Carbon Atoms and Bonding Carbon atoms and the bonds between them can be modeled in several ways.
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Carbon Atoms and Bonding
- Properties of Carbon Carbon Atoms and Bonding Few elements have the ability of carbon to bond with both itself and other elements in so many different ways. With four valence electrons, each carbon atom is able to form four bonds. Carbon atoms can form straight chains, branched chains, and rings.
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Forms of Pure Carbon - Properties of Carbon
Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes are four forms of the element carbon.
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Carbon Bonding Activity
- Properties of Carbon Carbon Bonding Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about carbon bonding.
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Using Prior Knowledge - Properties of Carbon
Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then, write what you know about carbon in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, continue to write what you learn. What You Know Carbon atoms have six electrons. Diamond is one form of carbon. What You Learned Carbon has four valence electrons and is able to form four bonds. Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes are four forms of pure carbon.
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End of Section: Properties of Carbon
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Carbon Everywhere - Carbon Compounds
Carbon is a part of your daily life. Even during a simple shopping trip, you’ll likely encounter many carbon compounds.
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Organic Compounds - Carbon Compounds
With some exceptions, compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds. These three lists represent only a few examples of organic compounds.
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Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
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Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons The graph shows the boiling points of several hydrocarbons. (Note: Some points on the y-axis are negative.) Use the graph to answer the following questions.
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Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons Reading Graphs: Where is 0ºC on the graph? Almost in the center of the y-axis
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Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons Interpreting Data: What is the approximate boiling point of C3H8? C5H12? C6H14? C3H8: about –44ºC; C5H12: about 34ºC; C6H14: about 68ºC
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Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons Calculating: What is the temperature difference between the boiling points of C3H8 and C5H12? About 78ºC
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Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons Drawing Conclusions: At room temperature (about 22ºC), which of the hydrocarbons are solids? Liquids? Gases? How can you tell? C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 are gases because their boiling points are below room temperature (about 22ºC). C5H12 and C6H14 may be liquid or solid because hydrocarbons with boiling points higher than 23ºC are not gases at room temperature.
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Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties.
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Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond.
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Substituted Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Substituted Hydrocarbons A hydroxyl group (–OH) is made of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom. An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one more more hydroxyl groups.
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Substituted Hydrocarbons
- Carbon Compounds Substituted Hydrocarbons An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups. A carboxyl group is written as –COOH.
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Outlining - Carbon Compounds
As you read, make an outline about carbon compounds. Use the red headings for the main ideas and the blue headings for the supporting ideas. Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons Properties of Hydrocarbons Chemical Formulas of Hydrocarbons Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons Structural Formulas Isomers Double Bonds and Triple Bonds Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Substituted Hydrocarbons Compounds Containing Halogens Alcohols Organic Acids Esters Polymers
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Click the Video button to watch a movie about hydrocarbons.
- Carbon Compounds Hydrocarbons Click the Video button to watch a movie about hydrocarbons.
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Click the Video button to watch a movie about bonding.
- Carbon Compounds Bonding Click the Video button to watch a movie about bonding.
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Links on Carbon Compounds
Click the SciLinks button for links on carbon compounds.
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End of Section: Carbon Compounds
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Carbohydrates - Life With Carbon
A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. One of the most important sugars in the body is the monomer glucose.
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Proteins - Life With Carbon
Different proteins are made when different sequences of amino acids are linked into long chains. Alanine and serine are two of the 20 amino acids, all of which have a similar structure. Each amino acid has a carboxyl group (–COOH) and an amino group (–NH2).
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The Molecules of Life - Life With Carbon
Complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all large organic molecules. They are built of smaller molecules linked in different patterns.
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Asking Questions - Life With Carbon
Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a what question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. Question Answer A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. What is a carbohydrate? What are proteins? Proteins are polymers formed from amino acid monomers. What are lipids? Lipids are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Nucleic acids are very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. What are nucleic acids? What are other compounds in foods? Other compounds in foods include vitamins, minerals, and water.
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Links on Organic Compounds
- Life With Carbon Links on Organic Compounds Click the SciLinks button for links on organic compounds.
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End of Section: Life With Carbon
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Comparing and Contrasting Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Graphic Organizer Comparing and Contrasting Proteins and Nucleic Acids Proteins Nucleic Acids Made from amino acids Made from nucleotides Organic molecules Determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins Build and repair body parts
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End of Section: Graphic Organizer
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