1. Metabolism Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Chapters 8-10

2. Warm Up  Please complete the chapter 8 pretest you picked up when you came in.

3. Metabolism and Energy  Metabolism  Catabolism  Anabolism  Bioenergetics  Energy  Kinetic  Heat/Thermal  Light Energy  Potential  Chemical Organisms are energy transformers!

4. Thermodynamics  Thermodynamics  System vs. Surroundings  Isolated System vs. Open System  First Law of Thermodynamics

5. Thermodynamics  Second Law of Thermodynamics  Entropy (S)  Spontaneous (Energetically Favorable) vs. Nonspontaneous Processes

6. Think-Pair-Share  How does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane?  Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as it grows on a tree, then falls, then is digested by someone who eats it.  If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the bottom of a glass of water, it will dissolve completely over time. Left longer, eventually the water will disappear and the sugar crystals will reappear. Explain these observations in terms of entropy.

7. Gibbs Free Energy  Free Energy  ΔG = free energy of a system  -ΔG = spontaneous reaction  +ΔG = nonspontaneous reaction  ΔG = 0 = Dead Cell (can do no work) ΔG = ΔH – TΔS ΔG = ΔG final – ΔG initial  Enthalpy

8. Gibbs Free Energy  Endergonic vs. Exergonic Reactions + ΔG -ΔG + ΔG -ΔG Non-Spontaneous Spontaneous Non-Spontaneous Spontaneous

9. Warm Up Exercise  Glow in the dark necklaces are snapped in a way that allows two chemicals to mix and they glow. Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction? Explain.  In simple diffusion, H+ ions move to an equal concentration on both sides of a cell membrane. In cotransport, H+ ions are pumped across a membrane to create a concentration gradient. Which situation allows the H+ ions to perform work in the system?

10. ATP and Cellular Work  Three Types of Work  Chemical  Transport  Mechanical  Energy Coupling  Phosphorylated Intermediate

11. ATP Hydrolysis  kh

12. ATP and Cellular Work

13. ATP Cycle  The body regenerates 10 million molecules of ATP per second per cell!