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Properties of Ionic Compounds Forming NaCl from Na and Cl 2 A metal atom can transfer an electron to a nonmetal. A metal atom can transfer an electron to a nonmetal. The resulting cation and anion are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. The resulting cation and anion are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces.
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The Octet Rule – Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining or losing electrons, has an electron arrangement like that of a noble gas.
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CATION + ANION ---> COMPOUND COMPOUND CATION + ANION ---> COMPOUND COMPOUND A neutral compound requires equal number of + equal number of + and - charges. A neutral compound requires equal number of + equal number of + and - charges. COMPOUNDS FORMED FROM IONS Na + + Cl - --> NaCl
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Electron Dot Notation
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 1: Lose 1 electron to form 1+ ions H+H+H+H+ Li + Na + K+K+K+K+
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 2: Loses 2 electrons to form 2+ ions Be 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Sr 2+ Ba 2+
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 13: Loses 3 Loses 3 electrons to form 3+ ions B 3+ Al 3+ Ga 3+
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 14: Loses 4 Loses 4 electrons or gains 4 electrons Caution! C 2 2- and C 4- are both called carbide
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 15: Gains 3 Gains 3 electrons to form 3- ions N 3- P 3- As 3- Nitride Phosphide Arsenide
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 16: Gains 2 Gains 2 electrons to form 2- ions O 2- S 2- Se 2- Oxide Sulfide Selenide
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 17: Gains 1 Gains 1 electron to form 1- ions F 1- Cl 1- Br 1- Fluoride Chloride Bromide I 1- Iodide
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Predicting Ionic Charges Group 18: Stable Noble gases do not form ions! Stable Noble gases do not form ions!
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Predicting Ionic Charges Groups 3 - 12: Many transition elements Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state. have more than one possible oxidation state. Iron(II) = Fe 2+ Iron(III) = Fe 3+
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Predicting Ionic Charges Groups 3 - 12: Some transition elements Some transition elements have only one possible oxidation state. have only one possible oxidation state. Zinc = Zn 2+ Silver = Ag +
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Predicting Charges on Monatomic Ions KNOW THESE !!!! +1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0 Be 2+
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Iron(III) chloride 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Fe 3+ Cl - 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Not balanced! 3
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas Example: Aluminum sulfide 1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion, including CHARGES! Al 3+ S 2- 2. Check to see if charges are balanced. 3. Balance charges, if necessary, using subscripts. Not balanced! 23
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Formulas of Ionic Compounds Formulas of ionic compounds are determined from the charges on the ions atoms ions – Na + F : Na + : F : NaF sodium + fluorine sodium fluoride formula Charge balance: 1+ 1- = 0
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Some Ionic Compounds Mg 2+ + N -3 ----> Mg 3 N 2 magnesium nitride Sn 4+ + O 2- ----> SnO 2 Tin (IV) oxide calcium fluoride Ca 2+ + 2 F - CaF 2
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Monatomic Ions
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Learning Check Write the correct formula for the compounds containing the following ions: 1. Na +, S 2- a) NaS b) Na 2 Sc) NaS 2 2. Al 3+, Cl - a) AlCl 3 b) AlCl c) Al 3 Cl 3. Mg 2+, N 3- a) MgN b) Mg 2 N 3 c) Mg 3 N 2
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Solution 1. Na +, S 2- b) Na 2 S 2. Al 3+, Cl - a) AlCl 3 3. Mg 2+, N 3- c) Mg 3 N 2
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