1. Carte De’Europe, 1870

2. Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
Dispute with France over the throne of Spain
Bismark manufactures a war!
French declaration of war, July 15, 1870
Battle of Sedan, September 2, 1870 (Nappy Captured)
Siege of Paris (4mos), capitulates January 28, 1871
Followed by Paris Commune, Mar.-May
Germany gains Alsace & Lorraine
Source of future resentment -- WWI!
Southern German states join Northern German Confederation
William I proclaimed Kaiser, January 8, 1871, of the Second German Empire
Coronation in Hall of Mirrors, Versailles!

3. Proclamation of German Empire (Reich)
Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, January 1871
Discussing
the War
in a Paris
Café,
Illustrated
London
News,
Sept 1871
Brandendburg Gate, Berlin after Sedan:
“What a Change through God’s Guidance”
Napoleon & Bismarck after Sedan
-"Henri, were you there at Sedan?" (Henri, étais-tu à Sedan?)
-"Yes, Majesty" (Oui, Sire)
-"We were not cowards at Sedan were we?" (N'est-ce pas que nous n'avons pas été des lâches à Sedan?)
Nappy’s last words, to his friend and doctor, 1873

4. Paris Commune, 18 Mar - 28 May, 1871
Causes: 1) Disaster of War; 2) Worker Discontent dating to 1830’s
Prussian Siege = shortages among poor
Citizens’ militia = “Nat’l Guard” defend city & supply shock troops of Commune
Armistice 28 Jan, 1871
Prov. Gov’t orders cannon siezed from Guard 18 March
Soldiers join Nat’l Guard, execute 2 generals!
Prov. Gov’t evacuates to Versailles
Election of “Communal Council” 26 May -- diverse group
Policies: Separation Church/State; Women’s Suffrage; Labor Laws & Econ. Equalization; Free Schools
Radical Feminism!

5. Paris Commune, cont…
Beginnings of Skirmishing w/ Versailles Army early April
 concern w/ Defense
 outside help: Gov’t seals Paris,  news out
Prussia releases POW’s to help Prov. Gov’t repress Commune
21 May -- Paris defenses breached : La Semaine Sanglante (The Bloody Week
Commune: decentralized, fought by district -- working class neighborhoods fought fiercest
Versaillese: central command, numerical supremacy
Last pockets fall 28 May
Reprisal executions -- 10,000-50,000 dead!
Père Lachaise Cemetary & “Communards’ Wall
Marial Law in Paris 5 years
Paris Commune as model, inspiration for Communists, Socialists, Anarchists
Marx: Commune should have moved more swiftly and harshly

6. Column at Plâce de Vendôme -- Bye Bye Nappy!
Execution of Communards in
Père Lachaise Cemetary
Column at Plâce de Vendôme -- Bye Bye Nappy!
“Priests
And
Nuns”
Our
Good fathers
Justice
of the
People
Paris after the Siege
Barricades

7. Map 22. 3: The Unification of Germany

8. Map 22.4: Europe in 1871