1. Clauses Seriously, the most fun you can have in English class.

2. What is a clause? A clause is a group of words with its own subject and verb. * There are two kinds of clauses: independent clauses and subordinate clauses.

3. Independent Clause An independence clause can stand by itself as a complete sentence. All complete sentences must contain at least one independent clause. Examples: 1. My aunt visited Africa for two weeks. (one independent clause) 2. Flora went to South Africa, and her sister went to Egypt. (one independent clause added to another)

4. Subordinate Clause A subordinate clause cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence; it can only be part of a sentence. **Note how each subordinate clause works with an independent clause to form a complete idea in the following examples: 1. We visited Kenya, which is a country in Africa, for two weeks. 2. Because he woke up late, he missed the flight. 3. They have decided that you should study more.

5. Give it a shot! Identify each clause as independent if the clause can stand alone or subordinate if the clause cannot stand alone: 1. weavers of this tribe make beautiful cloth Answer: Independent. 2. each one has a different pattern Answer: Independent 3. because one is mostly yellow Answer: Subordinate

6. Adjective Clauses What is it? - An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one. - Adjective clauses usually begin with a relative pronoun, such as that, which, who, whom, or whose. Sometimes, they may begin with a relative adverb, such as before, since, when, where, or why. - Please note: Adjective clauses are set off by commas only when they are not essential to the meaning of a sentence.

7. Adjective Clauses Examples: 1. Ghana, which means “land of gold,” lies just north of the equator in Africa. 2. It was called “Gold Coast” by European traders who found gold in abundance in this area. 3. In the year since I last saw you, I have been to Africa twice. 4. The sun never shines on days when I can enjoy it.

8. Adjective Clauses Give it a shot! - Write the adjective clause in each sentence. Then, circle the relative pronoun or relative adverb in each. 1.Algeria, which is a country in Africa, is a diverse combination of land, people, and culture. Answer: Algeria, which is a country in Africa, is a diverse combination of land, people, and culture. (Circle which) 2.Early invaders settled in Tell, which is north of the Atlas mountain range. Answer: Early invaders settled in Tell, which is north of the Atlas mountain range. (Circle Which) 3.The high plateaus that run south of the Atlas Mountains are used for cattle grazing. Answer: The high plateaus that run south of the Atlas Mountains are used for cattle grazing. (Circle That)