1. EARLY CHILDHOOD

2. PARENTING STYLES PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE CATEGORIZED PARENTING STYLES INTO 4 CATEGORIES. AUTHORITARIAN: PARENTS IMPOSE RULES AND EXPECT OBEDIENCE. “KEEP YOUR ROOM CLEAN”, “DON’T STAY OUT LATE OR YOU WILL BE GROUNDED.” “BECAUSE I SAID SO!” CHILDREN RAISED WITH THIS PARENTAL STYLE HAVE LESS SOCIAL SKILLS, LOW SELF ESTEEM.

3. AUTHORITATIVE AUTHORITATIVE: DEMANDING BUT RESPONSIVE. THEY SET RULES, ENFORCE THEM BUT THEY ALSO EXPLAIN THE REASONS FOR RULES. AND AS CHILDREN GROW OLDER, THEY ENCOURAGE OPEN DISCUSSION. CHILDREN RAISE UNDER THIS PARENTING STYLE HAVE THE HIGHEST SELF ESTEEM, SELF RELIANCE AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE.

4. PERMISSIVE PERMISSIVE: SUBMIT TO THEIR CHILD’S DESIRES. THEY MAKE FEW DEMANDS AND USE LITTLE PUNISHMENT. CHILDREN TEND TO BE MORE AGGRESSIVE AND IMMATURE.

5. UNINVOLVED PARENTS ARE NOT INVOLVED, UNRESPONSIVE, WITH LITTLE OR NO COMMUNICATION. THEY MEET CHILD’S BASIC NEEDS BUT ARE VERY MUCH DETACHED FROM THEIR CHILDREN. CHILDREN HAVE LOW SELF ESTEEM, LACK SELF CONTROL, AND OVERALL LACK COMPETENCY WHEN COMPARED TO THEIR PEERS.

7. TRUE OR FALSE 1. ON AVERAGE, 4 CHILDREN DIE EVERY DAY FROM CHILD ABUSE. 2. OF ALL PRISON INMATES, HALF WERE ABUSED AS CHILDREN. 3. SEXUAL ASSAULT ONLY HAPPENS TO GIRLS. 4. MOST CHILDREN ARE SEXUALLY ASSAULTED BY A STRANGER. 5. ADULTS WHO WERE ABUSED AS A CHILD, ARE MORE LIKELY TO ABUSE THEIR OWN CHILDREN.

8. WHAT IS CHILD ABUSE? ANY ACT OR FAILURE TO ACT THAT ENDANGERS A CHILD’S PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT. A CHILD’S CARETAKER IS CONSIDERED ABUSIVE IF HE/SHE: FAILS TO NURTURE THE CHILD PHYSICALLY INJURES THE CHILD OR HAS SEXUAL RELATIONS WITH THE CHILD

9. MAJOR TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE PHYSICAL ABUSE SEXUAL ABUSE EMOTIONAL ABUSE NEGLECT

10. PHYSICAL ABUSE INVOLVES PHYSICAL HARM OR INJURY TO THE CHILD. IT MAY BE THE RESULT OF A DELIBERATE ATTEMPT TO HURT THE CHILD, BUT NOT ALWAYS. IT CAN ALSO RESULT FROM SEVERE DISCIPLINE, SUCH AS USING A BELT ON A CHILD, OR PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT THAT IS INAPPROPRIATE TO THE CHILD’S AGE OR PHYSICAL CONDITION

11. SEXUAL ABUSE ANY SEXUAL ACT OR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD. FORMS OF CSA INCLUDE ASKING OR PRESSURING A CHILD TO ENGAGE IN SEXUAL ACTIVITIES (REGARDLESS OF THE OUTCOME), INDECENT EXPOSURE OF THE GENITALS TO A CHILD, DISPLAYING PORNOGRAPHY TO A CHILD, ACTUAL SEXUAL CONTACT AGAINST A CHILD, PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH THE CHILD'S GENITALS, VIEWING OF THE CHILD'S GENITALIA WITHOUT PHYSICAL CONTACT, OR USING A CHILD TO PRODUCE CHILD PORNOGRAPHY.INDECENT EXPOSURE GENITALSPORNOGRAPHYSEXUAL CONTACTCHILD PORNOGRAPHY

12. EMOTIONAL CONSTANT BELITTLING, SHAMING, AND HUMILIATING A CHILD CALLING NAMES AND MAKING NEGATIVE COMPARISONS TO OTHERS TELLING A CHILD HE OR SHE IS “NO GOOD," "WORTHLESS," "BAD," OR "A MISTAKE." FREQUENT YELLING, THREATENING, OR BULLYING. IGNORING OR REJECTING A CHILD AS PUNISHMENT, GIVING HIM OR HER THE SILENT TREATMENT. LIMITED PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH THE CHILD—NO HUGS, KISSES, OR OTHER SIGNS OF AFFECTION. EXPOSING THE CHILD TO VIOLENCE OR THE ABUSE OF OTHERS, WHETHER IT BE THE ABUSE OF A PARENT, A SIBLING, OR EVEN A PET.

13. NEGLECT A PATTERN OF FAILING TO PROVIDE FOR A CHILD'S BASIC NEEDS, WHETHER IT BE ADEQUATE FOOD, CLOTHING, HYGIENE, OR SUPERVISION. SOMETIMES, A PARENT MIGHT BECOME PHYSICALLY OR MENTALLY UNABLE TO CARE FOR A CHILD, SUCH AS WITH A SERIOUS INJURY, UNTREATED DEPRESSION, OR ANXIETY. OTHER TIMES, ALCOHOL OR DRUG ABUSE MAY SERIOUSLY IMPAIR JUDGMENT AND THE ABILITY TO KEEP A CHILD SAFE.

14. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF CHILD ABUSE PERSONAL FACTORS THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO CHILD ABUSE: GENERAL STRESS THE STRESS OF HAVING CHILDREN WHEN THERE WERE NONE BEFORE DEALING WITH HAVING A HANDICAPPED OR BEHAVIORALLY DIFFICULT CHILD STRESS OF CARING FOR SOMEONE ELSE

15. CAUSES (CON’T) PERSONAL HISTORY OF ABUSE (CHILDHOOD TRAUMA) ALCOHOL/DRUG USE MARITAL CONFLICT UNEMPLOYMENT

16. RESULTS OF CHILD ABUSE CHILD MAY BECOME SOMEONE WHO LIES, RESENTS, FEARS, AND RETALIATES, RATHER THAN LOVES, TRUSTS, AND LISTENS. CHILD MAY BECOME RECLUSIVE, AND ALIENATED FROM THE FAMILY. CHILD WILL HAVE LOW SELF-ESTEEM, AND MOST LIKELY WILL ENGAGE IN SELF- DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS.

17. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR WILL BE IMPAIRED. IN ADULTHOOD, THE CHILD MAY BE AT RISK OF ABUSING THEIR OWN CHILDREN.

18. RECOGNIZING SIGNS OF ABUSE THERE IS NO ONE SIGN THAT A CHILD IS BEING ABUSED. CHILDREN WHO ARE BEING ABUSED MAY ACT DIFFERENTLY. SUCH AS: NIGHTMARES OR TROUBLE SLEEPING SUDDEN DECLINE IN SCHOOL PERFORMANCE DISPLAY INTENSE ANGER OR RAGE HAVE DIFFICULTY FORMING NEW RELATIONSHIPS

19. SIGNS OF ABUSE CHILDREN WHO ARE OR HAVE BEEN ABUSED MAY: HAVE A POOR SELF-IMAGE BE UNABLE TO LOVE OR TRUST OTHERS BE AGGRESSIVE/DISRUPTIVE (BECOME BULLIES) USE DRUGS/ALCOHOL ACT OUT IN THE CLASSROOM

20. ACT OUT SEXUALLY BE SELF-DESTRUCTIVE, SELF-ABUSIVE, OR SUICIDAL FEEL SAD, PASSIVE, WITHDRAWN, OR DEPRESSED AVOID GOING HOME AFTER SCHOOL SHOW FEAR OF CERTAIN ADULTS

21. CHILD ASSAULT FACTS IT IS ESTIMATED THAT AT LEAST 1 OUT OF EVERY 4 GIRLS AND 1 OUT OF EVERY 6 BOYS ARE SEXUALLY ABUSED BY THE END OF THEIR 18TH YEAR. OVER 80% OF ABUSE CASES INVOLVE A PARENT OR STEP-PARENT.

22. ALMOST 50% OF ABUSED CHILDREN ARE BETWEEN THE AGES OF 5-11. OFFENDERS COME FROM ALL OCCUPATIONS AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC BACKGROUNDS. ESTIMATED THAT MORE THAN 50% OF ALL ABUSE GOES UNREPORTED.

23. SELF ESTEEM VALUE OR WORTH PEOPLE PLACE ON THEMSELVES PROTECTS PEOPLE FROM STRESS AND STRUGGLES WITH LIFE OTHER INFLUENCES ARE PARENTING STYLES LIKE AUTHORITATIVE PARENTS AND HAVING SECURE ATTACHMENT. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD AND CONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD.

24. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD PARENTS LOVE AND ACCEPT CHILDREN FOR WHO THEY ARE-NO MATTER HOW THEY BEHAVE HIGH SELF ESTEEM

25. CONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD PARENTS SHOW THEIR LOVE ONLY WHEN CHILDREN BEHAVE IN CERTAIN ACCEPTABLE WAYS LOW SELF ESTEEM CONTINUE TO SEEK APPROVAL FROM OTHERS.

26. GENDER AND SELF ESTEEM AGES 5-7, CHILDREN VALUE THEMSELVES BASED ON PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOL GIRLS SEEMS TO DO BETTER IN READING AND GENERAL ACADEMIC SKILLS. BOYS SEEM TO DO BETTER IN MATH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES. BUT…… SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY-LIVE UP TO THE EXPECTATION

27. AGE AND SELF ESTEEM DECLINES DURING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LOWEST AT 12-13 HOW THEY SEE THEMSELVES IS NOT HOW OTHERS MAY SEE THEM COMPARE THEMSELVES TO THEIR PEERS