1. 9th Grade Science Mr. Opatrny Some images are from www.chem4kids.comwww.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.comwww.middleschoolscience.com 2010

2. Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

3. Families on the Periodic Table Metals Nonmetals Semi-conductors/Metalloids

4. Metals: Left-side of table (except for Hydrogen) Shiny conducts heat and electricity well can be stretched and shaped usually solids make cations

5. Nonmetals: Right-side of table (except for Hydrogen) may be solid, liquid, or gas typically dull and brittle poor conductors make anions

6. Semi-conductors: Where the metals and non-metals meet also called metalloids nonmetals that conduct under certain conditions Only 6: Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium

7. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal All are metals and solid at room temp 1 Valence Electron Create +1 ions Soft and silvery, shiny Very reactive, esp. with water Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.htmlhttp://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

8. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 Metals Solids at room temp 2 electrons in the outer shell Create +2 ions White, silvery, and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals Conduct electricity

9. TRANSITION METALS Metals Almost all are solids at room temp (Hg) Good conductors of heat and electricity. 1 or 2 Valence Electrons Can create up to 4 different cations Less Reactive than Alkali and Alkaline Earth Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

10. BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals Boron is a metalloid Reactive Solid at room temp

11. CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 electrons in the outer shell Contains 3 metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 non-metal Carbon (C) Reactivity varies Solids at room temp

12. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 electrons in the outer shell Can share electrons to form compounds Contains 2 metals, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals Reactivity Varies Nitrogen is the only gas at room temp, rest are solids

13. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 6 electrons in the outer shell Create -2 ions Contains 2 metals, 1 metalloid, and 3 non-metals Reactive Oxygen is a gas, the rest are solids at room temp

14. Halogens Group 17 7 electrons in the outer shell Create -1 ions Non-metals, Uus is unknown Very reactive - are often bonded with Group 1 Alkali Metals Has 2 gases, 1 liquid (Br), and 2 solids

15. Noble Gases Group 18 Exist as gases Non-metals 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full Not reactive with other elements

16. Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. Conduct electricity

17. You may watch more videos about the elements at: http://www.periodicvideos.com/