1. Marine Mammals (part 2) photos: Florida FWC, NOAA

2. Whales and Dolphins  Phylum Chordata  Subphylum Vertebrata  Class Mammalia  Order Cetacea  Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales)  Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales, dolphins)

3. Cetaceans  Entirely aquatic life  All marine except 5 species of freshwater dolphins  Streamlined, fish-like body (convergent evolution)

4. Cetaceans  Dorsal fin  2 flippers  Tail – 2 flukes, horizontal  Blowhole – nostril(s) on top of head for breathing air

5. Cetaceans ← 2 blowholes in baleen whales (blue whale) 1 blowhole in toothed whales → (bottlenose dolphin) NOAA

6. Cetaceans  Rear limbs in embryos, fail to develop  Blubber for insulation, buoyancy  Almost completely hairless  Most closely related to hippos

7. Baleen Whales  Baleen  Flexible, fibrous plates  Not teeth, but keratin (like hair, nails) NOAA

8.  Largest animals on earth  Eat:  Plankton (krill, copepods)  Small fish (herring, mackerel)  Benthic amphipods Baleen Whales

9. http://oregonstate.edu/groups/marinemammal/images/bluebeagle2a.jpg Blue whale  Largest animal ever  25 ft, 3 tons at birth  Up to 110 ft, 200 tons  Heart = 0.5 tons  Blood = 5000 gallons  Tongue = 3 tons  Eat 4+ tons of krill/day 1 ton = 2000 lbs http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/content/kingdom-of-the-blue-whale-3302/blue-whale-facts/#/compare/length http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/files/2008/06/image_krill.jpg

10. Baleen Whales http://www.whale-info.com/images/blue_whale.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/BlueWhaleSkeleton.jpg Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

11. Baleen Whales Fin (Balaenoptera physalus) NOAA Minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Sei (Balaenoptera borealis) Other rorquals

12. photos: NOAA Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) Baleen Whales

13. Northern Right (Eubalaena glacialis) NOAA → → Bowhead ( Balaena mysticetus ) →

14.  Seek fish schools, plankton swarms  Some concentrate and trap the food in bubble nets (humpback) NOAA http://physics.bu.edu/neppsr/PICS-2006/Whales/WhaleW_bubbleNet.jpghttp://www.myfourthirds.com/files/0734/1Two_Humpbacks.jpg Baleen Whales

15.  Gulp, side feeding (rorquals: blue, fin, sei, minke)  Skimming (right, bowhead)  Bottom feeding (gray) http://oregonstate.edu/groups/marinemammal/images/Grey%20underwater2.jpghttp://oregonstate.edu/groups/marinemammal/images/MPBlueSurfPleats.jpg http://www.whalecenter.org/sightings/images/rightwhale11_04.jpg Baleen Whales http://www.arkive.org/media/E9/E9E81C14-0462-44DF-ACF0-D9A98C782F99/Presentation.Large/photo.jpg

16.  Migrations – cold waters to feed, warm waters to breed Baleen Whales

17. Toothed Whales  Predators  Use teeth to catch prey:  Fish  Squid  Seals, other whales (orcas)  Tear or swallow whole (don’t chew)

18. Baleen vs. Toothed Whales NOAA http://www.acsonline.org/merchandise/booksPosters/images/poster-comparisonChart-lg.jpg

19. Toothed Whales  Largest – sperm whale (“Moby Dick”)  Dive to over 7000 ft, stay over an hour NOAA

20. Toothed Whales  Hunt giant deep-sea squid, fish http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2009/10/28/article-1223501-06FDA23C000005DC-677_634x444_popup.jpg

21. Beluga Whales NOAA http://www.sooke.org/tourism-photo-file/animals/belugabubble5.jpg

22. Narwhals http://www.narwhal.info/cgi-bin/displayit2.cgi/images/Photos  Same family as belugas, also live in Arctic  Have only 2 teeth – one becomes spiral tusk

23. Killer Whales (Orcas) NOAA http://www.mersea.com/Resident%20Orca.jpg NOAA

24. Pilot Whales NOAA http://users.wsg.net/bedrosian/images/PilotWhale.jpghttp://www.mammalogy.org/mil_images/images/mid/930.jpg

25. Dolphins and Porpoises  Both are small toothed whales  Names sometimes used interchangeably  Porpoise – Family Phocoenidae, blunt- nosed, spade-shaped teeth  Dolphin – Family Delphinidae, beaked snout, pointed teeth NOAA

26. Dolphins Bottlenose Striped Spotted http://gallery.photo.net/photo/1813171-md.jpg Dusky http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/B60F305D-F498-4F26-A8AE-C6FD23C028D3/139512/p4672pc.jpg NOAA

27. Dolphins photos: http://csiwhalesalive.org/csigallery.html NOAA Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Atlantic White-Sided Tucuxi (Amazon and coastal Brazil) Peale’s

28. Baleen vs. Toothed Whales BaleenToothed SuborderMysticetiOdontoceti Largest speciesblue whalesperm whale Relative body sizelargersmaller Blowhole openingstwoone Feeding stylefilter feederpredator Way catch foodbaleen platesteeth Main food sourcesplankton, small fishfish, squid

29. Swimming and Diving NOAA  Blue and killer whales – up to 30 mph  Dolphins bow-riding – up to 40 mph NOAA http://csiwhalesalive.org/csigallery.html

30. Swimming and Diving  Water vapor in warm breath – spout NOAA

31. Swimming and Diving  Rapid breaths (empty and refill lungs in seconds)  Efficient O 2 exchange (90% vs. 20% in humans) Oxygen storage:  High blood volume  High conc. red blood cells  High conc. hemoglobin  Muscles rich in myoglobin  Lungs collapse, exhale to prevent “bends”  Heart rate slows  Blood flow to non-essential areas reduced

32. Echolocation NOAA  Excellent vision, but also have sixth sense (sonar)  High frequency clicks for close range  Low frequency sounds for long range

33. Vocalization  Sound travels 5 times faster in water than air  Low frequency calls/songs travel miles  Some sounds common to species, others specific to individals and pods  Used for breeding (males do the singing), feeding, alarm, maintaining contact

34. Intelligence http://home.onemain.com/~dk1008206/html/dolph1-1.gif http://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/5f/4e/5f4e9feb09f40ff00db404acaf559119.jpg?itok=YknEOX94 AP @ http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/08/09/article-0-1B36A1AA000005DC-139_634x929.jpg

35. Behavior  Breaching  Spying  Assisting injured  Stranding

36. Reproduction http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sandiego/technology/mammals/Images/research/breed_6.jpg

37. Hunting

38.  Long Island whaling:  Peaked in 1840’s  Sag Harbor – largest port (60 ships)  Also Greenport, Cold Spring Harbor Google Maps

39. Hunting

40. Other Perils http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39154000/jpg/_39154790_net_bbc_203.jpg http://cdn.abclocal.go.com/images/kgo/cms_exf_2007/news/local/7671766_600x338.jpg NOAA http://www.coastalstudies.org/images/mnccb2.jpg

41. Long Island Cetaceans Humpback whale – 30 ft long, 13 tons East Hampton, April 6-9, 2010 http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.1854723.1270909443!/image/4150419117.JPG_gen/derivatives/display_600/4150419117.JPG http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.1849475.1270648954!/image/2958831293.jpg_gen/derivatives/display_600/2958831293.jpg

42. Long Island Cetaceans  Fin – most common baleen whale to LI  Humpback  Northern Right  Minke  Sei  Sperm whale  Pilot whale  Harbor porpoise  Dolphins http://www.cresli.org/cresli/images/finmap.jpghttp://www.sailnet.com/forums/members/barryl-albums-dolphns-picture90-dolphins-long-island-sound-aug-2009.jpg

43. Long Island Cetaceans Richard Slattery @ http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.1394549.1251247248!/image/4098389032.jpg_gen/derivatives/display_600/4098389032.jpg  Whale watch trips from Montauk with Viking Fleet/CRESLI (cresli.org):  Day trips every Sunday July 5 – September 6  Overnight trip to Great South Channel Aug. 9-11  See whales, dolphins, sharks, turtles, birds

44. The End