1. Chapter 15

2. Reviving Religion Deism Reason rather than Revelation Science Unitarians God existed in only 1 person Goodness in human nature Free will Good works Intellectuals

3. Cont. 2 nd Great Awakening Converts Reorganized churches New sects Evangelicalism Prison Reform Temperance / Women’s Movement Abolish Slavery Camp meetings / Revivals

4. Diversity “Burned –Over District” Widened lines between classes and regions Split over slavery Methodists Baptists

5. Desert Zion in Utah Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois Mormons Antagonized rank and file Americans Voting as a unit Militia Polygamy Joseph Smith 1844 murdered

6. Cont. Brigham young 1846 -1847 Utah “This is the Place” 1848 = 5,000 Hand Carts Irrigation Theocracy / Cooperative Commonwealth Statehood = 1896

8. Schools Public Education Stiff opposition Children of the poor Lacking in the South Tax Supported 1 room School house 8 grades Open a few months a year “Hickory Sticks” 3 R’s Horace Mann More / Better Schools Longer school terms Higher pay Expanded curriculum 1860 100 public schools

9. Cont. Noah Webster = 1758 - 1843 “Schoolmaster of the Republic” Reading lessons Dictionary = 1828 William H. McGuffey = 1800 – 1873 Grade School readers Morality, patriotism, and idealism

10. Higher Learning 1 st state supported Universities = South North Carolina = 1795 University of Virginia = 1819 Brainchild of Thomas Jefferson Troy Female Seminary (N.Y.) Emma Willard = 1787 – 1870 Oberlin College (Ohio) Opened doors to women = 1837 Admitted African Americans Mount Holyoke Seminary (MA) Mary Lyon Lyceum = Traveling lectures

11. Age of Reform Reform Campaigns An escape for women Industrial era Imprisonment for debt Capital offenses reduced Prison reform “Penitentiaries” Mentally Ill Dorthea Dix – 1802 - 1887 Insanity / Asylums

12. Temperance Drinking problem Attracted reformers American Temperance Society Boston = 1826 “Cold Water Army” Picture / Pamphlets / Lecturers Neal S. Dow = Maine “Father of Prohibition” Maine Law of 1851 Prohibiting manufacture / Sale

14. Women in Revolt Keepers of Society The home was the women’s place Cult of domesticity = Republican Motherhood Submissive to men Property Reformers ------ Women’s Movement Rights = Suffragists Abolition Temperance

15. Cont. Lucretia Mott Quaker Antislavery Convention = 1840 Elizabeth Cady Stanton Suffrage for women Susan B. Anthony Militant lecturer Women’s rights “Suzy B’s”

16. Cont. Elizabeth Blackwell 1 st female graduate of a medical college Grimke΄ Sisters (Sarah, Angelina) Antislavery Women’ Rights Convention at Seneca Falls = 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton “Declaration of Sentiments” “All men and women are created equal”

17. Utopias Brook Farm = 1841 Massachusetts Transcendentalism “Plain Living and High Thinking” Oneida Community = 1848 New York “Free Love” Shakers = 1747 Upstate N.Y. Monastic customs

18. Scientific Achievement Practical gadgets rather than pure science Jefferson = plow Borrowing and adapting from Europeans Benjamin Silliman = 1779 – 1864 Chemist, Geologist Yale

19. Cont. Medicine Primitive Bleeding Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Malaria Teeth Self-prescribed medicines Whisky Quack docs Life expectancy = 40 yrs.

20. Artistic Achievements Greek Revival = 1820 – 1850 Arches / Large windows Thomas Jefferson Architect of Revolution Monticello University of Virginia

21. Cont. Painters Gilbert Stuart = 1755-1828 Portraits of Washington After War of 1812 = Romantic mirrorings of local landscapes Daguerreotype = 1839 Photograph Minstrel Shows White actors = blackened faces “Dixie”

22. Literature Practical outlets Political essays The Federalist Hamilton, Jay, Madison Common Sense Autobiography = 1818 Ben Franklin

23. Cont. Washington Irving 1783 – 1859 1 st to win international recognition History of New York Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fennimore Cooper 1789 -1851 1 st American novelist Last of the Mohicans William Cullen Bryant 1794 – 1878 Thanatopsis = poem Made living by editing N.Y. Evening Post Set model for journalism

24. Transcendentalism Liberalizing Puritan theology Truth, rather, “Transcends” the senses Everyone possesses and inner light that can illuminate the highest truth Put in direct contact with God Self-reliance, Self-culture, Self-discipline Bred hostility towards authority

25. Cont. Ralph Waldo Emerson = 1803 – 1882 “The American Scholar” Declaration of Independence to American writers Throw out European traditions Self-improvement, self-reliance, self-confidence, optimism, and freedom Critic of slavery Supported Union cause

26. Cont. Henry David Thoreau = 1817 – 1862 Reduce bodily want to gain time for a pursuit of truth through study and meditation Influenced Ghandi Inspired Martin Luther King Jr. Walt Whitman = 1819 – 1892 Leaves of Grass (1855) Poems

27. Literary Lights John Greenleaf Whittier = 1807 – 1892 Quaker Antislavery crusades Inhumanity, injustice, and intolerance Poet of human freedom Louisa May Alcott = 1832 – 1888 Little Women

28. Literary Individualists & Dissenters Edgar Allan Poe = 1809 – 1849 The Raven Lyric poet Horror / morbid Nathaniel Hawthorne = 1804 – 1864 The Scarlet Letter (1850) Adulteress

29. Cont. Herman Melville = 1819 – 1891 Moby Dick (1851) Captain Ahab – great white whale = Moby Dick

30. Portrayers of the Past George Bancroft = 1800 – 1891 “Father of American History” History of the United states to 1789 William H. Prescott = 1796 – 1859 Conquest of Mexico (1843) and Peru (1847) Historians = New Englanders