1. And Its

2. What is Electromagnetic Spectrum? The electromagnetic spectrum is a collection of electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength.

3. How EMR’s are formed Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric field (which is shown in blue arrows) couples with a magnetic field (which is shown in red arrows).

4. WHAT ARE WAVES? WHAT IS WAVELENGTH? WAVELENGTH: It is the distance from one point on a wave to the corresponding point on the next consecutive wave. WAVES: Waves are a series of crests and troughs moving past a given reference point.

5. WHAT ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES? Static electricity can make your hair stand on end. Magnets can attract certain metals. Radio waves, TV waves and microwaves are all types of electromagnetic waves. However, they differ in wavelength and energy.

6. POWER DECIMALPREFIXPHONICSYMBOL OF TEN EQUIVALENT 10 12 1 000 000 000 000terater'aT 10 9 1 000 000 000gigagi'gaG 10 6 1 000 000megameg'aM 10 3 1 000 kilokil'ok Scientific Notation

7. FREQUENCY = the number of cycles per second HERTZ = the unit attached to frequency COMPARISON OF WAVE LENGTHS WITH IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

8. EMR SPECTRUM CHARACTERISTICS ---- --- Energy Wavelength Frequency Radio Micro Infra Visible UV X-rays Gamma Waves Waves Red Light Light Rays

10. Common Hertz Relationships HERTZ TYPE ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ approximately 60 Electrical power _______________________________________________________________________________ 5 - 20000 (20 k)audio frequencies - human _______________________________________________________________________________ 10 k - 30 Gradio frequencies _______________________________________________________________________________ 540 k -1600 kAmplitude Modulation (AM) _______________________________________________________________________________ 88 M -108 M Frequency Modulation (FM) ________________________________________________________________________________ 30 M - 300 MVHF - TV (very high frequency) ________________________________________________________________________________ 54 M - 890 MCATV (Cable Antenna Television) ________________________________________________________________________________ 300 M - 3000 M (3 G)UHF - TV (ultra high frequency) ________________________________________________________________________________ 3 G - 30 microwave (super high frequency) ________________________________________________________________________________

11. F EDERAL C OMMUNICATIONS C OMMISSION Government Agency that Monitors and Controls Mass Communication Industries

12. WHY USE MICROWAVES FOR COMMUNICATION? Microwaves are good for transmitting information because their energy can penetrate fog, light rain and snow, clouds and smoke.

13. SATELLITE ORBITS Three basic kinds of orbits: 1) GEOSYNCHRONOUS - also called Geostationary or Synchronous) 2) Asynchronous - used by space shuttle - very low altitude (400 miles) - pass over at different times of the day 3) Polar - low altitude - passes over the earth’s poles on each revolution

15. References Date obtained: September 21, 2005 http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/ems.html Date obtained: September 21, 2005 http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know _l1/emspectrum.html