1. Bleeding and Shock

2. Review of Circulatory System Heart, blood, and blood vessels Heart, blood, and blood vessels Blood=8% of total body weight Blood=8% of total body weight Blood=liquid (plasma) + solids (WBC, RBC, and platelets) Blood=liquid (plasma) + solids (WBC, RBC, and platelets) –Protects against disease –Body temperature –Transports O 2, nutrients, and wastes

3. Types of Blood Vessels & Bleeding Arteries: rapid, can be life threatening, oxygen-rich, bright red in color Veins: slow, oxygen-poor, dark red or maroon in color Capillaries: oozing, dark red in color

4. WHAT HAPPENS w/ bleeding? Body’s response Body’s response –Blood vessels constrict –Clotting begins –Blood volume adjusts  Uncontrolled bleeding= life threatening condition

5. Care for External Bleeding 1. Complete initial exam first (ABC’s) 2. BSI precautions--GLOVES 3. Cover wound…sterile gauze is great 4. Apply direct pressure…clots usually form 5. Elevate area to slow bleeding 6. Apply pressure bandage 7. Pressure points (femoral, brachial) 8. Summon EMS

6. To control external bleeding: 1. Direct pressure 2. Elevation 3. Pressure bandage 4. Pressure points

7. Internal Bleeding Escape of blood WITHIN the body Escape of blood WITHIN the body Injured internal organs Injured internal organs NOT DIRECTLY VISIBLE…may take hours NOT DIRECTLY VISIBLE…may take hours Signs and Symptoms: Signs and Symptoms: –Bruising –Tender tissues (can be swollen, hard) –Anxiety or restlessness –Skin: cool, moist, pale, ashen, blue

8. S/S of internal bleeding –Rapid breathing –Nausea and vomiting—no appetite –Excessive thirst –Declining level of consciousness

9. Care for internal bleeding Depends on severity and site of injury Depends on severity and site of injury Minor bleeding (isolated on arm)= ice Minor bleeding (isolated on arm)= ice Major bleeding (abdominal)= EMS Major bleeding (abdominal)= EMS –Treat for SHOCK

10. SHOCK (hypoperfusion) Life-threatening condition Life-threatening condition Circulatory system fails to circulate O 2 rich blood to the body Circulatory system fails to circulate O 2 rich blood to the body Inevitable result of any serious injury or illness Inevitable result of any serious injury or illness

11. A healthy body needs: Properly functioning heart Enough blood to circulate Intact blood vessels

12. Causes of shock Inadequate blood volume Inadequate blood volume –Dehydration –Excessive vomiting –Diarrhea –Internal or external blood loss **the body fails to get blood to vital organs and they begin to fail**

13. Signs and symptoms of SHOCK Restlessness or irritability Restlessness or irritability Rapid and weak pulse Rapid and weak pulse Rapid breathing Rapid breathing Pale, ashen, or bluish, cool, moist Pale, ashen, or bluish, cool, moist Excessive thirst Excessive thirst Nausea and vomiting Nausea and vomiting Changes in level of consciousness Changes in level of consciousness

14. Caring for SHOCK Initial assessment –Do not wait for signs and symptoms to appear…get EMS on the way early!

15. Caring for SHOCK continued Monitor breathing and pulse Monitor breathing and pulse Control any external bleeding Control any external bleeding Rest victim comfortably…flat on back w/legs elevated *except when? Rest victim comfortably…flat on back w/legs elevated *except when? Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated Do not give food or drink Do not give food or drink

16. Stitches When do you need them? When do you need them? 1. Depth 1. Depth 2. Width 2. Width 3. Location 3. Location You have 6-8hours to get stitches

17. Signs of Infection Tenderness or inflammation around the wound Tenderness or inflammation around the wound Fever Fever Swelling around the wound Swelling around the wound Numbness around the wound Numbness around the wound Red streaks around the wound Red streaks around the wound