1. OBESITY Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Contra Gabriela Dobie Cristina Macec Rucsandra

2. Definition The foods we eat every day contribute to our well- being. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.

3. Health Consequences of Obesity An obese person has a 50 to 100 percent increased risk of premature death compared to someone of normal weight. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, elevated blood cholesterol, some cancers (e.g., colon, endometrial, kidney, gallbladder, and postmenopausal breast cancer ), osteoarthritis, gallbladder disease, and respiratory disease.

4. Obesity Causes Genes Emotions Environmental factors Sex Age Pregnancy

5. Calculating BMI Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight (kg) height (meters squared) Or… weight (pounds) x 705 height squared (inches squared)

6. What does BMI tell you? ITEMS BMIGRADE UNDER WEIGHT ≤ 18.5 NORMAL 18.5 – 24.9 OVER WEIGHT 25.0 – 29.9 OBESITY 30.0 – 34.9 I OBESITY 35.0 – 39.9 II EXTREME OBESITY ≥ 40 III

7. Obesity Treatment Self-care at home: dietary therapy and physical activity Medical treatment Surgery

8. Self-care at home For most people who are overweight or obese, the safest and most effective way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more. If you eat less and exercise more, you will lose weight. It is as simple as that. There are no magic pills. Diets that sound too good to be true are just that.

9. Dietary therapy By decreasing daily calorie intake by 500 calories or expending an extra 500 calories during exercise each day, you will lose about 1 pound per week.

10. How Much Should People Eat? MalesAge 20-492900 calories/day Age 50-plus2500 calories/day FemalesAge 20-492300 calories/day Age 50-plus1900 calories/day

11. Recommend Physical Activity Running 11 miles Gardening 5 hours Cycling 22 miles Dancing 3 hours Walking 12 miles What does it take to burn 1000 calories per week?

12. Medical Treatment There are medications that can promote weight loss, although they work only in conjunction with eating less and exercising more. Most medications that promote weight loss work by suppressing the appetite. Medications approved by FDA:Sibutramine (Meridia) and Orlistat (Xenical).

13. Surgery Surgery to correct obesity is a solution for some obese people who cannot lose weight on their own or have severe obesity-related medical problems. The 2 types of surgery are malabsorptive and restrictive.

14. Prevention Reversing obesity and its health risks requires changing the habits of a lifetime. Eating less over the long term means learning to think about your eating habits and patterns.

15. Bibliography Handbook of obesity,George A. Bray, Claude Bouchard Fast food nation, Eric Schlosser http://pediatrics.aapublications.org/cgi/content/abst ract/75/5/807http://pediatrics.aapublications.org/cgi/content/abst ract/75/5/807