1. Nov. 22, 2011 L.O.: Students will be able to explain the major changes to Upper and Lower Canada from 1815-1838. 1) Community Chat + Test Discussion 2) PPT Notes 3) Work Period 4) HW: Changes in UC/LC Worksheet; Read Pgs 1-3 Newspaper; Chapter 7 Vocab due. Nov 28

2. What important changes took place in Upper and Lower Canada from 1815 – 1838?

3. Key Vocabulary Canadian- – English speaking person living in Canada Canadien- – French speaking person living in Canada Immigrant – a person who leaves his/her country to live in another country Great Migration – 1815-1840 many immigrants from Great Britain moved to Upper Canada Timber – Wood that has been cut down; lumber Potash – Ash from burnt wood Mast – Pole on a ship that holds the sail Sawmill – Factory that cuts wood into smaller pieces

4. Upper and Lower Canada Changes  Following the War of 1812, both Upper and Lower Canada experienced population explosion (growth).  This occurred because of:  LC - High birth rate among French-speaking people  UC experienced a wave of settlers from Great Britain  Increased the population from 70 000 to 430 000  This was called: The Great Migration

5. The Great Migration 1815-1850 Where Did All the People Come From and Why?

6. What was the Great Migration? New people to Canada because of bad conditions in Europe Economic changes in Europe led to huge increase in population – Many people were poor Idea was to send the poor people to Canada

7. Causes – Push & Pull Scottish Highlanders (Tenant Farmers) – Landlords replaced them with sheep to supply new factories with wool English workers replaced by the Industrial Revolution (machines taking over the jobs of Artisans – skilled workers) Irish Potato Famine 1845-9 – Crops destroyed by disease – Irish left because of poverty and hunger

8. Coffin Ships These new comers forced into ships; these ships used to transport timber; lasted from 20 days to 2 months Irish immigrants fell ill with cholera in filthy ships (steerage, overcrowded, no bathroom, no air, rats, bad food) In 1847, 17 000 of the 100 000 Irish died of sickness on the way ; by 1860 the majority of English-speaking were Irish Before arriving in Quebec City or Montreal, all ships had to stop first at a place called Grosse Isle, where sick passengers were removed from the ship and cared for – this was called quarantine

9. Images of Hope

10. D. Great Migration Recap A great many people left their homes in Britain and other counties of Europe. Economic conditions in Britain and most of Europe were poor in the years after 1815. There was a great deal of unemployment, made worse by the growing use of machines during the Industrial Revolution. Many of the migrants leaving Britain and Europe from 1815 to 1850 came to Canada. Sixty percent of these immigrants to Canada were British. This made them the largest cultural group in Canada. Several immigrant groups had established themselves in Atlantic Canada by 1861. The main groups were British, French, and German, but there were also American Loyalists. A significant Black population had created a community in Nova Scotia.

11. The Underground Railroad

14. Henry Box Brown

15. Harriett Tubman

17. Routes to Freedom

18. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

20. Other Changes  In addition to changes to the population, there were 2 other major changes between 1815 and 1838 1.The Timber Trade 2.The End of Competition in the Fur Trade

21. HOMEWORK  Changes in UC & LC Worksheet  Read Pgs. 1-3 in Newspaper  Chapter 7 Vocabulary due Nov. 28 (next Monday)