1. Research Paper Part 2

2. What to Cite Any information that is not common knowledge
Examples of Common Knowledge
Benjamin Franklin used the pen name Silence Dogood.
Benjamin Franklin wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac.
Examples of Non Common Knowledge
To increase efficiency in mail delivery, he devised an odometer that attached to his carriage. By counting the rotations of the wheels, it calculated the distance the carriage traveled.

3. What to Cite
Direct Quotes: Use “to separate the exact words” that you use. “You may use an entire sentence or two.” You may “choose” to use one or two “specific words” because you like the cadence. Either way, if they are not your own words you must quote them.
“From the common cold to ocean currents, from medicine to music, and from agriculture to the aurora borealis, he believed that human logic could unlock the mysteries of the natural world.” (

4. What to Cite
Paraphrase: If you reword the information from a source, you must still give credit. However, you do not need to use the “quote marks”.
Benjamin Franklin thought human reason could decipher many of the mysteries of the world. (
Note: cutting a pasting a paragraph and changing each word is not a legitimate way to create a paper.

5. Citings
“Direct Quotes should look like this” ( par 1). If you use the same website again with no other citings in between you skip the name of the website and just put the “paragraph number” (par 4).
A citing from a book should look like this (LastNameofAuthor 4).

6. Works Cited Create a separate sheet at end of paper
Label it Works Cited – Centered - no underline – no italics – nothing fancy
List entries alphabetically by last name
Use easybib.com to create your works cited page

7. Works Cited: books
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

8. Works Cited : Poems/Short Stories
Whitman, Walt. "I Sing the Body Electric." Selected Poems. New York: Dover,
Carter, Angela. "The Tiger's Bride." Burning Your Boats: The Collected Stories. New York: Penguin,

9. Works cited: web sites
Name of Site. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sometimes found in copyright statements). Date you accessed the site [electronic address].
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. 26 Aug The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 23 April 2006 <

10. Norman Mailer Cyr’s Hero
Paper Format: 1st Page
Cyr 1
Stephanie Cyr
Ms. Cyr
English Honors III
November 21, 2008
Norman Mailer Cyr’s Hero
Norman Mailer was born……………………………………….

11. Page Format: Page 2+
Cyr 2
Each paragraph should be indented. The entire paper should be double spaced. You do not need to hit enter more than once when starting a new paragraph. Use a 12 point font. Use 1” margins.

12. Paper considerations Redundancy: Homonyms: Apart, a part
know, no
to, too
There, their, they’re
Redundancy:
Use a thesaurus to find new words that mean the same thing.

13. Paper considerations continued
Editorializing is when you add your opinion to your paper. For a research paper, you do not want to add your opinion. If you feel you must include your opinion, do it at the very end of your paper in the conclusion.

14. Paper considerations continued
Do Not Use “I” “we” “you”
The only exception is the conclusion
Spell out contractions
Avoid slang
Avoid the word “it”

15. Paper considerations continued
Review Miss Cyr’s Grammar Rules
Do not use phrases such as:
“In this paper I will”
“This is a quote”
“Here is a quote”
“By this he means”

16. Assistance Please http://www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/SCyr/