1. Confucius

2. China before Confucius zThe “Yellow Emperor” zXia and Shang Dynasties y2070 B.C. - 1046 B.C. zZhou Dynasty y1046 B.C. - 256 B.C. z“Spring and Autumn” period y770 B.C. - 476 B.C.

3. Confucius zBorn in 551 B.C. zdied in 479 B.C.

4. Confucius' family and personal name respectively was Kong Qiu ( 孔丘 Kǒng Qiū). His courtesy name was Zhongni ( 仲尼 Zhòngní). In Chinese, he is most often known as Kongzi ( 孔子 Kǒng Zǐ) He is also known by the honorific Kong Fuzi ( 孔夫子 Kǒng Fūzǐ, literally "Master Kong"). His honorific name is "K'ung Fu-tzu". The Latinized name "Confucius" is derived from "Kong Fuzi", and was first coined by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries to China,

5. China is divided, chaotic, unsafe during Confucius’ lifetime

6. Confucianism zConcerned primarily with restoring social stability and order yWhat is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order? za system of social and ethical philosophy y“only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”

7. Confucianism zli yrituals, norms, institutions, or mores, demonstrations of respect ythe outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism zren yhumaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue ythe inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

8. Li zRites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner zperformed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role zuniversal harmony zno need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

9. Ren zRelationship between "two persons” zextension of filial piety to all human beings zeach role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties yreciprocity or mutual responsibility

10. Five relationships zfather-child zruler-subject zhusband-wife zelder brother-younger brother zfriend-friend

11. Confucianism zPersecuted in Qin Dynasty y221 B.C. - 206 B.C. zpromoted by later rulers

12. Confucianism zreinforced by the civil examination system y“keju”: civil examination- the idea that those who are worthy deserve to be in charge or have higher levels of authority. yfrom 605 to 1905

13. In today’s China