1. Global Agriculture 2:00- Understand global agriculture. 1

2. Objective: 2.02- Compare the current and future issues in global agriculture. Essential Questions: How will population growth affect the agriculture industry over the next 50 years? What trends are happening in agriculture today? What issues does the agriculture industry face today? How will the agriculture industry solve these issues moving forward? 2

3. Food for Thought 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7A4oAyKOGHg

4. Think-Pair-Share Write the essential questions for class today. How will population growth affect the agriculture industry over the next 50 years? What trends are happening in agriculture today? What issues does the agriculture industry face today? What are some possible solutions? Think of answers to these questions and share them with your partner. You and your partner should then decide what answers to share with the class. 4

5. Issues 1.Food Insecurity 2.Sustainability 3.Organic Food Production 4.GMO’s 5.Local Foods Movement 6.Community Supported Agriculture 7.Water (quality and quantity) 5

6. Examples of current/future agriculture related issues Food Insecurity Global importance Defined as not knowing where a human will find their next meal the situation where people need to live with hunger and fear starvation Food insecurity results from several factors Climate issues Urban development Corrupt governments Population growth Oil price shifts 6

7. Examples of current/future agriculture related issues Sustainability We must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Organic Food Production Crops are raised without using most conventional pesticides, petroleum-based fertilizers, or sewage sludge-based fertilizers Animals must be fed organic feed and be given access to the outdoors Antibiotics and growth hormones may not be used in organic production Accounts for more than 3% of all U.S. food sales 7

8. Examples of current/future agriculture related issues GMO’s Genetically modified organisms Combing genes from different organisms results in an organism being called genetically modified or transgenic Controversies surrounding this practice include safety, ethics, labeling and others European countries will not purchase GMO foods from the US Fewer exports 8

9. Examples of current/future agriculture related issues Local Food Movement Can be defined in terms of geographic proximity of producer to consumer. Is a very popular concept in regards to food safety, food freshness, and reduction of environmental impact due to shorter shipping distances 9

10. Examples of current/future agriculture related issues CSA’s (Community Supported Agriculture) Direct-to-consumer programs Buy shares of a farms projected harvest Pay for their share of the harvest up front Distributes risk between the farmer and the consumers Pick up their share regularly in a communal location or the shares are delivered directly USDA estimates as many as 2500 CSA’s are operating nationally 10

11. Examples of current/future agriculture related issues Water (quantity and quality) US water shortages are a major issue in the west Southeastern US, including North Carolina, Water Wars have become common place In Third World countries a safe water supply is a luxury Most areas of the world, supplies of safe water have become generally insufficient misuse, poor management, waste, pollution and climate change are the most common causes 11

12. Agriculture related Government Agencies Established to assist farmers, ranchers and the general public Information Professional Assistance Funding 12

13. Examples of Government Agencies: (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture 1862 Examples of branches/agencies of USDA: NRCS (1935) - Natural Resource Conservation Service APHIS (1972) – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service NASS (1863) – National Agricultural Statistics Service USFS (1905) –United States Forest Service 13

14. Examples of Government Agencies: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service 1914 To put research –based knowledge to work for agriculture. Administers the 4-H program. 14

15. Examples of Government Agencies: North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) Services that promote and improve agriculture. Marketing Farmer’s Markets Got to be NC Program Research Stations NC State Fair 15

16. Origins of Major Food Crops: 1. Fruits and Vegetables Peaches - China Tomato – South America Peanut – Peru, South America Sweet Potato – Central America 2. Grain, Oil and Fiber Crops Corn – Cuba, Mexico Soybeans – Southeast Asia Cotton – Mexico, Africa, Pakistan Wheat – Southwest Asia (Syria, Jordan, Turkey, India 16

17. Major US Agricultural Production Regions Regions develop based on a variety of factors: Soils Weather Market development Feed availability 17

18. Major US Agricultural Production Regions Citrus fruit Florida Texas California Corn belt Includes all or parts of these Midwestern states: Ohio Indiana Illinois Iowa Minnesota South Dakota Missouri Kansas and Nebraska. 18

19. Major US Agricultural Production Regions Wheat Hard Red Spring Wheat – (highest protein content, excellent bread wheat, superior milling and baking characteristics) Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Montana, Idaho, (also Oregon, Washington, California) Soft Red Winter Wheat – (high yielding, low protein, used for cakes, biscuits, pastries) Southeastern states including North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia and others, as well as Midwestern states including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri. Spearmint Washington, Oregon, Idaho Floriculture crops California, Florida, Michigan, Texas, North Carolina 19

20. Major US Agricultural Production Regions Beef cattle Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Colorado, Oklahoma, Missouri, South Dakota (corn belt area) Dairy Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine, California, Idaho and Texas are leading producers but are not located in this region 20

21. Major US Agricultural Production Regions Hogs North Carolina Iowa Illinois Indiana Minnesota Corn belt area Poultry (Broilers) Southern and southeastern states North Carolina, Georgia Alabama Arkansas Mississippi Texas 21

22. NC Agriculture NC is divided into three basic geographic and agricultural regions Mountains Piedmont Coastal plains 22

23. NC Agriculture Mountain Region Christmas trees Apples Trout 23

24. NC Agriculture 24 Piedmont Region Greenhouse and Nursery Crops Broilers Turkeys Dairy

25. NC Agriculture Eastern Region Hogs Turkeys Broilers Flue-cured Tobacco Sweet Potatoes Vegetables Peanuts Cotton Corn Soybeans World’s most important source of vegetable oil.

26. NC Agriculture Statewide exceeds $10,000,000,000 ($10B) annually Livestock, Dairy and Poultry Approximately 2/3 of all farm cash receipts Broilers and hogs account for nearly half of this amount Crops Approximately 1/3 of all farm cash receipts Greenhouse Nursery Floriculture Christmas trees 26