1. Imperialism 1880-1914 Chapter 26

2. Old Imperialism 16 th -18 th Centuries Old Imperialism in the Old World: Africa and Asia Old Imperialism in the Old World: Africa and Asia The Europeans did not usually acquire territory in Africa and Asia The Europeans did not usually acquire territory in Africa and Asia Generally they worked through existing local authorities with trading posts Generally they worked through existing local authorities with trading posts

3. Old Imperialism in the Old World The Portuguese established a series of trading posts along the west coast of Africa, India, Indonesia The Portuguese established a series of trading posts along the west coast of Africa, India, Indonesia The Spice Trade The Spice Trade The slave Trade The slave Trade

4. Old Imperialism in the Old World The Netherlands established trading posts in Indonesia and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) The Netherlands established trading posts in Indonesia and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Europeans in Asia respected and often cooperated with local rulers in India, China, Japan, Indonesia Europeans in Asia respected and often cooperated with local rulers in India, China, Japan, Indonesia Trade generally flourished between Europeans and the locals Trade generally flourished between Europeans and the locals

5. Old Imperialism in the New World was Different Spain established a huge empire in Central and South America and claimed large portions of western North America Spain established a huge empire in Central and South America and claimed large portions of western North America Native Americans were exploited Native Americans were exploited

6. Old Imperialism in the New World Portugal established Brazil as a sugar colony and imported massive numbers of slaves from Africa Portugal established Brazil as a sugar colony and imported massive numbers of slaves from Africa France established a colony in present-day Canada as well as sugar colonies in the Caribbean France established a colony in present-day Canada as well as sugar colonies in the Caribbean

7. Old Imperialism in the New World England colonized the east coast of North America and several islands in the Caribbean as sugar colonies England colonized the east coast of North America and several islands in the Caribbean as sugar colonies

8. European Migration Between 1815-1932 more than 60 million people left Europe Between 1815-1932 more than 60 million people left Europe Migrants went mostly to European-inhabited areas: Migrants went mostly to European-inhabited areas: North and South America North and South America Australia Australia New Zealand and Siberia New Zealand and Siberia

9. European Migration Immigrants took part in westward expansion Immigrants took part in westward expansion Most were from poor, rural areas (but not the poorest) Most were from poor, rural areas (but not the poorest)

10. The New Imperialism 1880’s Africa and Asia In 1800 Europeans controlled about 7% of the world’s territory. In 1800 Europeans controlled about 7% of the world’s territory. By 1914 they controlled 84% By 1914 they controlled 84% England controlled 25% of the world’s population and 20% of the world’s territory by 1900 England controlled 25% of the world’s population and 20% of the world’s territory by 1900

11. The New Imperialism Europeans used military force in Africa and Asia. Europeans used military force in Africa and Asia. They took control of local governments They took control of local governments Exploited local economies for raw materials Exploited local economies for raw materials Imposed Western values to benefit the “backward” colonies Imposed Western values to benefit the “backward” colonies Britain’s control of Egypt in the 1880’s became the model for the new imperialism Britain’s control of Egypt in the 1880’s became the model for the new imperialism

12. Major Causes for Imperialism Search for new markets and raw materials Search for new markets and raw materials The Industrial Revolution created a surplus of goods The Industrial Revolution created a surplus of goods Capitalists sought new markets Capitalists sought new markets

13. Causes for Imperialism Often, colonists were too poor to purchase European-made goods: Often, colonists were too poor to purchase European-made goods: Germany’s trade with her colonies represented only 1% of her total international trade Germany’s trade with her colonies represented only 1% of her total international trade France imported more from her colonies than she sold France imported more from her colonies than she sold

14. Causes for Imperialism The Search for Raw Materials: The Search for Raw Materials: The Congo Ivory and rubber The Congo Ivory and rubber South Africa Diamonds South Africa Diamonds Niger Cocoa Niger Cocoa China and Ceylon Tea China and Ceylon Tea India cotton India cotton Indonesia Spices Indonesia Spices

15. Missionary Work Mid-19 th Century: strong current of religious revivalism in Western Europe Mid-19 th Century: strong current of religious revivalism in Western Europe Especially among middle class Especially among middle class New emphasis on spreading Christianity to Africa and Asia New emphasis on spreading Christianity to Africa and Asia

16. Missionary Work More successful in sub-Saharan Africa than in Asia and Islamic North Africa More successful in sub-Saharan Africa than in Asia and Islamic North Africa Dr. David Livingston: first white man to do humanitarian and religious work in south and central Africa Dr. David Livingston: first white man to do humanitarian and religious work in south and central Africa H.M. Stanley found Livingston (thought dead) and his newspaper reports spurred interest in Africa (King of Belgium and the Congo) H.M. Stanley found Livingston (thought dead) and his newspaper reports spurred interest in Africa (King of Belgium and the Congo)

17. European Conflicts over Colonies New military and naval bases to protect one country’s interests from another European country New military and naval bases to protect one country’s interests from another European country Tensions between Haves (Britain) and Have- nots (Germany, Italy) Tensions between Haves (Britain) and Have- nots (Germany, Italy)

18. The Ideology of Imperialism Social Darwinism: Herbert Spenser rationalized the conquest of weak countries by stronger “more civilized” ones Social Darwinism: Herbert Spenser rationalized the conquest of weak countries by stronger “more civilized” ones Justified military conquest: survival of the fittest Justified military conquest: survival of the fittest

19. Ideology of Imperialism White Man’s Burden racist and patronizing view that preached “superior” Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to “uncivilized” peoples in other parts of the world White Man’s Burden racist and patronizing view that preached “superior” Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to “uncivilized” peoples in other parts of the world To Protect and Improve To Protect and Improve To Uplift and Christianize To Uplift and Christianize From a poem by Rudyard Kipling From a poem by Rudyard Kipling

20. The New Imperialism Germany and Russia used imperialistic drives to divert the public’s attention from the class struggle at home and to create a false sense of national unity Germany and Russia used imperialistic drives to divert the public’s attention from the class struggle at home and to create a false sense of national unity

21. The Scramble for Africa 1880 Europeans controlled 10% of Africa 1880 Europeans controlled 10% of Africa 1914 controlled all but Liberia and Ethiopia 1914 controlled all but Liberia and Ethiopia

22. Colonial Africa

23. Scramble for Africa Began late 1870’s with Belgium’s King Leopold II in the Congo Began late 1870’s with Belgium’s King Leopold II in the Congo Early 1880’s Britain’s conquest of Egypt be- came the model Early 1880’s Britain’s conquest of Egypt be- came the model 1884-1885 The Berlin Conference established the “rules” for Europeans carving up Africa 1884-1885 The Berlin Conference established the “rules” for Europeans carving up Africa

24. Belgian Congo 1879 King Leopold II hired H.M. Stanley (British-American journalist who located Livingston) to make treaties with African chiefs giving control of the Congo to Leopold 1879 King Leopold II hired H.M. Stanley (British-American journalist who located Livingston) to make treaties with African chiefs giving control of the Congo to Leopold Was his personal playground Was his personal playground Recognized as such in 1884 by the Berlin Conference Recognized as such in 1884 by the Berlin Conference

25. The Belgian Congo Quest for rubber and ivory Quest for rubber and ivory Natives treated savagely: atrocities Natives treated savagely: atrocities Twain, Arthur Conan Doyle spoke out Twain, Arthur Conan Doyle spoke out The Belgian Parliament horrified and took the colony away from the king 1908 and it became a Belgian colony The Belgian Parliament horrified and took the colony away from the king 1908 and it became a Belgian colony

27. Egypt: The Model By 1849 Egypt was a strong independent state By 1849 Egypt was a strong independent state Led by Turkish general Muhammad Ali Led by Turkish general Muhammad Ali 1875 Brits bought a portion of shares of the Suez Canal and began to manage it 1875 Brits bought a portion of shares of the Suez Canal and began to manage it 1883 The Brits declared Egypt a protectorate 1883 The Brits declared Egypt a protectorate Technically, Egypt still part of Ottoman Empire but the Brits controlled the country Technically, Egypt still part of Ottoman Empire but the Brits controlled the country Egypt not freed until 1956 Egypt not freed until 1956

28. The Berlin Conference: 1884-85 Sponsored by Bismarck and Jules Ferry Sponsored by Bismarck and Jules Ferry To prevent European conflict To prevent European conflict Germany teamed up with France here to play France and Britain against each other Germany teamed up with France here to play France and Britain against each other Coincided with Germany’s rise as an imperial power Coincided with Germany’s rise as an imperial power Resulted in “The Scramble for Africa” Resulted in “The Scramble for Africa”

29. The Berlin Conference: The Rules No Imperial power could claim a territory in Africa unless it effectively controlled that territory No Imperial power could claim a territory in Africa unless it effectively controlled that territory Slavery and the Slave trade in Africa was terminated (right) Slavery and the Slave trade in Africa was terminated (right)