2. Earthquake Hazards and Safety

3. 1- What kinds of damage can earthquakes cause? The severe shaking produced by seismic waves can damage or destroy buildings and bridges, topple utility poles, and fracture gas and water mains.

4. 2- How do local soil conditions affect earthquake damage? Loose soil will allow more violent shaking than solid rock surfaces.

5. 3- What is liquefaction and how does it cause damage during an earthquake? Liquefaction is when the shaking from an earthquake causes soft soil to turn to mud. Liquefaction can cause landslides.

6. 4- What is an aftershock? An aftershock is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. They can occur hours, days, or months after the first earthquake.

7. 5- What is a tsunami and how can it cause damage during an earthquake? A tsunami is a large wave caused by the displacement of water during an under water earthquake. They cause damage along coastlines.

8. 6- What types areas should be avoided when building a structure? When building, areas that should be avoided are near steep slopes, filled land, soft soil and near faults.

9. 7- How can buildings be made to better withstand earthquakes? Buildings can be reinforced, strengthened and made flexible or anchored to solid rock. Buildings can be reinforced, strengthened and made flexible or anchored to solid rock. Base isolated buildings are a type of building that is designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake. Base isolated buildings are a type of building that is designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake.

10. 8- What is the main danger during an earthquake? The main danger during an earthquake is from falling objects and flying glass.

11. 9- If you are INSIDE during an earthquake, what should you do? Drop, cover and hold Drop, cover and hold Crouch under a table or desk to protect yourself from falling objects Crouch under a table or desk to protect yourself from falling objects Avoid windows, mirrors, wall hangings and furniture that may topple. Avoid windows, mirrors, wall hangings and furniture that may topple.

12. 10- If you are OUTSIDE during an earthquake, what should you do? Move to an open area Move to an open area Avoid vehicles, power lines, trees, buildings or other things that can topple onto you. Avoid vehicles, power lines, trees, buildings or other things that can topple onto you.