1. Reconfigurable Computing After a Decade: A New Perspective and Challenges For Hardware-Software Co-Design and Development Tirumale K Ramesh, Ph.D. Boeing Associate Technical Fellow Senior Member, IEEE tkramesh@ieee.org Northern Virginia Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting April 14, 2005

2. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 2 Outline What is and Why Reconfiguration? Applications Architecture in the past New Architecture Trends Hardware-Software Co-Design and Development Future

3. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 3 What is Reconfiguration ? The ability to change the hardware entity as warranted by an application. This is an emerging field that blurs the traditional boundaries between hardware and software. Who will like Reconfigurable Computing ? One who enjoys real-time design and applications One with a pioneering spirit to learn more on software and knowledgeable about hardware (or vice versa) One who likes to produce a challenging hardware/software solutions to an application

4. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 4 Why Reconfigurable Hardware? The one-to-one match of application to a fixed architecture is difficult and we cannot achieve high throughput Greater functionality can be achieved with a reconfigurable logic Lower system cost Evaluate in terms of lifetime system costs to determine the savings The ability to provide for high fault tolerance in the system Reduced time-to-market Flexible logic and on-the field reprogrammable

5. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 5 Applications Defense, Aerospace & Automotive Electronics Hybrid Supercomputing for Scientific Applications Hybrid Embedded Computing Hardware Accelerators High-data stream applications-Massive Reconfigurable Arrays Image and Signal Processing

6. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 6 Types of Reconfiguration Processor Reconfiguration Changing the internal hardware capabilities(Data Path- Word size, Pipelining, Communication among Multiple Data Path Units, etc.) Communication Reconfiguration A set of communication channels provided in run-time for a pair of processors Control Reconfiguration Changes the way in which instructions streams are processed on a processor (SIMD, MIMD, MSIMD)

7. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 7 Architecture in the past FPGA logic used more as a logic glue and also for replacing multiple chips and for reducing the chip count Fine-grain logic Not much run-time reconfigurable capability were available All designs were done at low level (VHDL) Very limited abstraction at system level Minimal Tools support Used Multiple FPGAs to gain more logic due to device density limitations

8. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 8 New Architectural Trends Coarse-grain architectures Large IP building blocks Reconfigurable Processor Units(RPU) Custom Interfaces Highly parallel processing elements Morphware Accelerators- Data Stream Engines Coarse-grain data paths units configured as high-level parallelism similar to ILP by using Configware to program the resources and Flowware to program the data streams running through the resources. Distributed adaptive boards (FPGA based) Single API for Distributed ACS -Single high level host program in C or C++ with networking code for interaction of multiple boards

9. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 9 Hardware-Software Co-Design and Development Cooperative design of hardware and software Co design shortens time-to-market due to use of flexible software and enhancing performance via specific hardware as necessary Reconfigurable hardware adds to flexibility as design changes can be made on the field –Less expensive than ASIC Co-design is an interdisciplinary activity System level modeling Hardware and software design

10. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 10 Hardware-Software Co-Design Flow System Spec Cost Analysis & Estimation HW/SW Partitioning HW SpecSW Spec SynthesisCompile Design Verification Design Not Met Simulation and/or Emulation

11. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 11 HW/SW Co-Design of Embedded Reconfigurable Systems Integrating COTS processor, ASIC and Programmable Logic on a single platform COTS Processor On-chip RAM Reconfigurable Processor System Arch and Performance Profiling HW/SW Partitioning HW Synthesis FPGA bit streams Compiler

12. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 12 HW/SW Partitioning in Reconfigurable Systems FPGA Perform Processing Both in Space and Time Space- Refers to Physical Implementation of different functionality in vast hardware resources (parallel processing) Time-FPGA can be reconfigured at various steps of the application algorithm to instantiate different architectures at different run times(dynamic) Partitioning needs to account for both spatial and time domains

13. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 13 Key Design Requirements Speed of Reconfiguration Atleast close to the speed of execution Speed, size and density >100 MHZ, >8M Logic gates Memory interfaces Support high-data stream- data stream memories with fast access time Development Tools Automatic mapping and compiling Integration into low level design synthesis tools

14. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 14 System-on-a chip Integrating COTS processor, ASIC and Programmable Logic on a single die COTS Processor ASIC Core FPGA Core Mixed-Signal Cores Development Tools and Methodologies Simulation/ Emulation Boards Silicon Processing Test and Validate

15. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 15 HW/SW Co-Design Languages/Tools Adapting high level languages SpecC- extension of ANSI-C Support embedded systems design, including behavioral and structural hierarchy Targeted for system-level design language intended for spec and architectural modeling though developed for synthesis and verification in mind HardwareC-Uniformly incorporates both functionality and design constraints SystemC-Uses C++ class libraries and a simulation kernel for creating behavioral and RTL designs

16. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 16 HW/SW Co-Design and Development-System Languages/Tools(Continued) Java based approaches JHDL- Java to RTL Compiler runs Java into synthesizable HDL code UML- System level modeling Extend UML to apply them as high level models working with other languages UML profile for SystemC- a language that enables specify, analyze, design, construct, view SW and HW artifacts in a SoC design flow

17. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 17 HW/SW Co-Design and Development-System Languages/Tools (Continued) Extending HDL Languages System Verilog- Blends Verilog, C/C++ An extension to IEEE 1364-2001 Verilog Supports interfaces that allow module connections at a high level of abstraction SuperLog Verilog superset that includes constructs from C Verliog 2001 and SuperLog at two ends of the spectrum Utilizes power of C with the simplicity of Verilog for a very productive design process

18. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 18 Algorithm/Data Flow Tools MATLAB to FPGA Design IP Core Instantiation Xilinx DSP Sys Gen Khorus- Data Flow Tool for Image Processing Ptolomey- Graphical Entry Tool for System Level Design

19. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 19 Future System-on-a chip (SoC) to gain more logic, performance and low cost and power advantages Use of more Modular Block Architectures at the device level- Ex: Xilinx ASMBL Domain-specific block pre-fabricated with mixture of processors, peripherals, and other special interfaces to support different application domains Use of advanced packaging technology and flexible placement of on power and ground More Use of Parallel Processing techniques and FPGA architectures for both spatial and time domain mapping

20. NoVA Chapter IEEE Computer Society Meeting- April 14, 2005 20 Future Mix and match of Parameterized and Custom blocks High Level Abstraction Tools with integration to low level tools for optimum design process Use of XML for Configuration of processors and to specify the targeted hardware devices Allows for adding application-specific instructions to a processor