1. Cristal History 1988 – The company incorporated 1991 – The first pigment was produced 1992 – Fully operated with 4 grades at 48,000 tpa 2000 – CRISTAL local shareholders acquired all shares of (KMCC) 2000 - Approved expansion to 100,000 tpa 2002 - Acquired shares in Bemax - > 30% 2004 - Reached 100,000 tpa capacity 2004 - Approved expansion to 150,000 tpa

2. Cristal History 2006 - Increased expansion capacity to 180,000 tpa 2007 - Commissioned the 5th line with 150,000 tpa capacity 2007 - Acquired 100% of Millennium Inorganic Chemicals 2007- became the 2nd largest producer of TiO2 worldwide 2008 – Acquired ownership of Bemax 2008 - Acquired ITP - Titanium Powder Company (USA)

3. About Cristal Global vertical integration of TiO2 business with clear strategy Strategic ownership focus in a single industry chain Global leading positions in product markets 2nd largest TiO2 producer in the world; 2nd largest chloride producer Leading manufacturer of ultrafine TiO2 and Largest titanium chemicals producer Best-in-class R&D function & facilities Leading mineral sands producer; 5th titanium minerals and 4th zircon

4. About Cristal Leader in development of titanium metal powder production technology 7 pigment plants, 3 mines, titanium plant under construction : 6 countries, 5 continents. Competitive, geographically diverse manufacturing base Approximately 4,000 employees worldwide total Sales (2008) ~ US$2.0 bn. with Global sales presence; excellent products executives/Leaders with 20 years+ relevant Industry/Technology experience

5. About Cristal A multinational workforce Sales and marketing support in strategic sites worldwide A policy of continuous improvement (delete duplicate)

7. 1991

8. 1953

9. 1969

10. 1956

16. The History of TiO2 1791 – First discovered in England 1916 – First commercial development, using a composite pigment 1957 – First commercial Chloride process producing rutile TiO2 2002 – 60% of all TiO2 produced using the Chloride process

17. Why TiO2 A naturally occurring mineral existing in three crystalline structures Two forms used in the commercial production of TiO2 Tetragonal Rutile Tetragonal Anatase The most important white pigment in use today

18. Why TiO2 Stable, inert, non toxic Resistant to light and chemicals High opacity High tint strength

19. Why TiO2 Diverse applications in: Paints Plastics Powder coating Inks Paper products Rubber

20. TiO2 production Sulphate process reactions FeOTiO2 + 2H2SO4 = TiOSO4 + 2H2O TiOSO4 + + 2H2O = TiO(OH)2 + H2O TiO(OH)2 = TiO2 + H2O TiO2

21. TiO2 production Chloride process reactions TiO2 + C + 2Cl2 = TiCl4 + CO2 TiCl4 + O2 = TiO2 + 2Cl2 TiO2

22. TiO2 production Benefits of the Chloride Process Less waste Less impurities Whiter products Higher levels of rutilisation Better durability

23. Continuous improvement

24. High quality products

25. Respect for the environment

26. Reliable service

27. First class sales and technical support