1. Assessing Neo-Freudians Brought important new dimension to psychoanalysis Social forces Provided more to work with in analysis than just biological drives Problem of whether or not we have an unconscious still exists

2. Behaviorist Approach Chapter 11

3. Key Concepts Behaviorists DO NOT endorse Freud Subject matter has to be OBJECTIVELY OBSERVABLE As individuals differ in their learning experiences, they acquire different behaviors and hence different personalities.

4. John B. Watson Early behaviorist (Little Albert) Believed he could turn any infant into anything he wanted them to be We are afraid of things because of frightening associations we have made

5. B.F. Skinner Radical behaviorism not a theory of personality Did not care about personality structure Focused on why people acted the way they did

6. Radical Behaviorism How does a person act? What are the contingencies of reinforcement? What can be changed to reverse this behavior? Person is not doing these things on purpose Not looking to be deceitful Point is to alter behavior, not mental activity Peers can have a greater impact than authority figures

7. Albert Bandura Behavior requires direct reinforcement AND observational learning Individual behavior and personality of young children comes from expose to everyday models

8. Bandura cont. People are thinking creatures We analyze and choose what we want to influence us Example: Who do you act more like? Your parents or your friends? Self-efficacy: the measure of the belief in one’s ability to complete tasks and reach goals Outcome Expectations As long as they are positive, you keep trying

9. Assessment of Behaviorism Shortchanges the human’s ability to think Shows that we learn many behaviors just because they have been reinforced

10. George Kelly Personality is the way we see ourselves There is organization to how we behave Optimistic view of humans We are masters of our destiny Personal constructs are stable, but we are able to change them