1. Chapter 8 Test Review Africa

2. Poems, songs, and stories that are passed by word of mouth from one generation to another Oral Traditions

3. Vast area of dry grasslands Savanna

4. The first kingdom to be established in West Africa Ghana

5. A people who settled in what is now Zimbabwe Shona

6. An East African language that has Persian and Arabic influences Swahili

7. The Muslim ruler of Mali whose travels made others aware of West African power and wealth Mansa Musa

8. A family of related languages that is one of Africa’s largest language groups Bantu

9. A king of Aksum whose religious conversion helped Christianity become a powerful influence in Eastern Africa? Ezana

10. A Songhai ruler who helped turn his kingdom into a center of trade and learning Mohammed I Askia

11. A prosperous African kingdom that declined after A.D. 150, possibly because its land was no longer fertile Kush

12. A major river in southeast Africa Zambezi

13. Which of the following does NOT describe most early African societies? 1. They were nomadic 2. They were matrilineal 3. They were religious 4. They herded, farmed, or fished

14. Which ancient African kingdom conquered part of Egypt and copied its culture by building pyramids? 1. Aksum 2. Great Zimbabwe 3. Kush 4. Songhai

15. A carved stone pillar Stela

16. The two major natural regions of the Sub- Saharan Africa are the 1. Deserts and grasslands 2. Grasslands and rain forest 3. Deserts and rain forest 4. Mountains and desserts

17. In most early African societies the farming was done by… 1. Women 2. Men 3. Children 4. Slaves

18. All of the Following peoples set up trading centers along the East African coast EXCEPT 1. Arabs 2. Ghanaians 3. Indonesians 4. Persians

19. Which is NOT a reason that gold mining was important in the early African economies 1. West African kingdoms traded gold to obtain salt 2. The kingdoms of East Africa traded gold for needed salt, tools, and cloth 3. Rulers adorned themselves with gold to oversee ceremonies 4. Farmers used gold to buy more land so they could grow more crops

20. Linguists are experts who… 1. Trace people’s ancestors 2. Study languages 3. Record oral traditions 4. Study ancient civilizations

21. The center of learning in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1300s and 1400s was 1. Alexandria 2. Great Zimbabwe 3. Mogadishu 4. Timbuktu

22. The strength and wealth of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai depended on… 1. The support of the powerful rulers in Egypt & Arabia 2. Large scale agriculture 3. Control of the trade routes across the Sahara 4. Adapting Egyptian culture to life in the rain forest

23. Aksum became a prosperous kingdom MAINLY because… 1. Trade routes from the Red Sea into Egypt & Africa passed through it. 2. It had a powerful king 3. It traded gemstones & ivory to Mediterranean kingdoms 4. Christianity became its official religion

24. True or False The African region where farming is difficult because of uncertain rainfall is called the Sahel TRUE

25. True or False The main source of information about early African society is the writings of African kings FALSE

26. True or False One major source of the salt that was traded in Africa was the Sahara TRUE

27. True or False Trade spread the Islamic religion into both East Africa and West Africa TRUE

28. True or False Mali and Songhai both became important centers of Christian learning FALSE

29. A region on the edge of the Sahara; means “shore” Sahel

30. The written language of the Aksum people. Ge’ez

31. Payment of cattle a man offered to obtain a wife Lobola

32. One of the earliest centers of iron-working in Africa was in… Meroe

33. What geographic feature covers more than one fourth of Africa’s surface? The Sahara Desert

34. What African is considered to be one of the fathers of Christian doctrine? Augustine of Hippo

35. Why did the need for kings arise in the expanding communities of Ghana? They were needed to negotiate with foreign merchants and act as war leaders

36. Which powerful group most influenced Nubian peoples from about 1500 to 700B.C.? The New Kingdom Egyptians

37. In most African societies, what did women’s work responsibilities include? Bearing and raising children, farming, and gardening

38. What was the major advantage of Carthage’s location? Its location on the northern coast of Africa gave it access to seaborne trade from countries around the Mediterranean and beyond.

39. How was the Ethiopian Christianity that developed under the Zagwe kings unique? Many central ideas were based on the Old Testament, and many Ethiopian Christians thought they were descendants of the ancient Israelites.

40. Beside which major river were the cities of Napata and Meroe located Nile

41. The rulers of Bantu-speaking people’s kingdoms came from hereditary ________families. royal

42. The Kushite ruler who completed the conquest of Egypt was named __________ Piankhi

43. During the 400s B.C., the government of Carthage changed from a kingship to an ________run by wealthy merchant families Oligarchy

44. Preliterate African people maintained a sense of identity, values, and continuity with the past through ______traditions. oral

45. Before Carthage was conquered by Rome, it had its own religion that included the _________of male children. sacrifice

46. Short answer How did Ghana build and maintain its wealth and power? Ghana first developed a monarchy (kingship) to negotiate w/ foreign merchants and to act as war leaders. The kings became powerful and were able to build large armies to conquer new territories. Most of their wealth came from the gold trade.

47. Short Answer Name and describe two cultural characteristics that many Africans have. First, family ties were important in all African communities because people identified themselves as a part of a larger kinship groups. Second, children were particularly important. Religion also played an important role and many shared similar religious ideas.

48. Short Answer In what ways did Rome influence North Africa? Name and describe at least two of these influences. First, N.Africa became even more urban and sophisticated that with the Carthaginians. Second, the Romans constructed great buildings in the cities, and a network of roads. Finally, the Roman’s rule was influential in the spread of Christianity.

49. Short Answer Name and describe at least two features that contributed to the wealth, power, and culture of the kingdom of Aksum. Location of the Aksum, being near the Red Sea influenced the wealth. The development of a thriving seaport which became a major center of long-distance trade made Aksum a prosperous Kingdom. Lastly, Aksum had great rulers like Ezana and from his rule and others, they were able to build large armies because of the profits from trade.

50. Short Answer What factors contributed to the unique cultural and trading opportunities of East Africans? Perhaps the most important influence was the seasonal patterns of the Indian Ocean and its monsoon winds. As sailors learned to take advantage of the winds in the Indian Ocean, eastern Africa came into contact with Arabia, Persia, and even India.